Which one of the following best characterizes how confidence intervals are used in reporting students' scores on standardized tests?
a. They indicate the norm group to which students are being compared.
b. They show the range of 10 percentile points within which each student's score falls.
c. They indicate how likely it is that each student has mastered a particular topic.
d. They show the range within which each student's actual ability level probably lies.
Ques. 2A student's test performance is sometimes indicated by a confidence interval rather than by a single score. The rationale behind this practice is that:
a. The computation of a single score is not possible for some tests.
b. A single test score is almost always subject to error.
c. Some tests have extremely vague scoring criteria.
d. Tests typically have low reliability.
Ques. 3Greg took the district-wide achievement test and got a stanine score of 9. Which one of the following is closest to Greg's percentile rank?
a. 14
b. 16
c. 84
d. 98
Ques. 4David takes an intelligence test, and gets an IQ score of 85. What is David's approximate percentile rank on this test?
a. 5th percentile
b. 16th percentile
c. 34th percentile
d. 65th percentile
Ques. 5What is the major drawback of using percentile ranks to describe students' performance on a standardized test?
a. Even many low-achieving students tend to get above-average percentile scores.
b. Percentiles tend to underestimate how much students have actually learned.
c. Because most students get fairly low scores, they become easily discouraged and their self-efficacy decreases.
d. Students in the middle range can be quite similar in achievement and yet have scores that are somewhat dissimilar.
Ques. 6When we represent students' test performance in terms of standard scores, we must first know the standard deviation of those scores. This statistic tells us:
a. What the average student's performance was
b. How close together or far apart the scores are
c. Whether the test has high predictive validity
d. Whether the test has high reliability
Ques. 7Psychologists distinguish between criterion-referenced and norm-referenced assessment scores.
a. Explain the difference between these two types of scores.
b. Describe a situation in which criterion-referenced scores would clearly be more appropriate, and why.
c. Describe a situation in which norm-referenced scores would clearly be more appropriate, and why.
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