Which theory emphasizes the notion that humans are influenced by concentric circles of influence, from immediate influences to distant influences?
What will be an ideal response?
Question 2Which of the following is most clearly a component of a childs nurture?
a. childs hair color
b. fathers foot size
c. childs school curriculum
d. mothers hair color
Question 3A probable reason why the Abecedarian Project had stronger positive effects than Head Start is that it had
a. many years as a federally-funded project, which gave time for improvement.
b. an intensive design with many hours of intervention combined with home visits.
c. a curriculum that emphasized standardized tests.
d. more teachers of color involved.
Question 4Compared to control groups, longitudinal studies of the effectiveness of Head Start have shown that Head Start students
a. showed more learning disabilities.
b. showed modest cognitive gains.
c. showed large cognitive gains.
d. had lowered occupational aspirations while in high school.
Question 5Regarding starting school, an environmentalist is likely to believe that
a. young children who are not ready for school should wait to start school until they mature.
b. preschool has little effect on childrens school readiness.
c. childrens readiness for school depends primarily on inherited abilities.
d. young children should start school even if readiness tests show lack of readiness because school causes children to learn.
Question 6Which of the following is true of readiness tests?
a. They provide accurate information about who should start school and who should not.
b. Many have poor reliability and validity.
c. They measure response to stressful situations.
d. Typical intelligence tests are often used as readiness tests.
Question 7One explanation for the negative effects of poverty is that families in poverty experience conditions that can lead to depression, marital conflict, and other problems, which then lead to diminished quality of parenting. Which model does this represent?
a. family investment model
b. de-identification model
c. family stress model
d. heritability model
Question 8A key risk factor for children is
a. maternal employment.
b. lack of access to television.
c. religious involvement.
d. maternal depression.
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