GDP per capita in China is lower than it is in the United States. This means that _____.

GDP per capita in China is lower than it is in the United States. This means that _____.
 
  a. China has a smaller economy than the United States
  b. China has a lower standard of living than the United States
  c. China's workforce is less productive than the U.S. workforce
  d. the Chinese government takes a lower share of its worker's earnings than the U.S. government

 Q. 2

Two people are most likely to engage in bartering when _____.
 
  a. there is an extreme scarcity of goods, and each of them possesses only the barest of necessities
  b. the supply of goods that they possess is high across society, and demand for those goods is low
  c. they both make relatively low wages, and they live in a place where goods and services are expensive
  d. each of them provides a service that the other needs, and the two services are roughly equivalent in value

 Q. 3

A political scientist who uses the ideational approach would be most likely to make which of the following claims?
 
  a. Highly skilled workers tend to find the rules of bureaucracies burdensome and frustrating.
  b. It takes a lower level of education to succeed in a bureaucracy than it does to succeed in a private corporation.
  c. Although Americans tend to admire large private corporations, they doubt the ability of large public institutions to solve problems.
  d. Insulating the bureaucracy from political pressure requires giving bureaucrats a higher level of job security than private sector employees typically receive.

 Q. 4

Which of these, if true, would best support a rational-material explanation of the weakness of American bureaucracy?
 
  a. American society tends to view large organizations of any type as both inefficient and ineffective.
  b. American bureaucracy developed at a time when the United States was one of the world's weaker nations.
  c. Most Americans think that people who become bureaucrats lack the skills needed to compete in the private sector.
  d. Life in the United States is so stable and prosperous that most Americans do not feel insecure enough to need a strong bureaucracy.

 Q. 5

Suppose a political scientist looked at public opinion surveys from the 1960s and 1980s that measured attitudes about bureaucrats. This political scientist is taking which approach to understanding the weak nature of American bureaucracy?
 
  a. Ideational
  b. Cross-case
  c. Institutional
  d. Rational-material

 Q. 6

Which is the strongest evidence for an institutional explanation of weak bureaucracy in the United States?
 
  a. Obtaining a job in the American bureaucracy often requires having an expensive higher education.
  b. American bureaucrats typically earn lower salaries than people performing similar jobs in the private sector.
  c. Polls indicate that Americans feel that bureaucracies are inefficient and out of touch with everyday people.
  d. Elected officials look better in the eyes of their constituents when they attack the ineffectiveness of the bureaucracy

 Q. 7

Which statement explains why it is problematic to make a cultural argument about the benefits of different types of bureaucracies?
 
  a. The relationship between a country's bureaucracy and its culture is constantly evolving.
  b. Bureaucracies tend to develop their own institutional culture that is hard for outsiders to understand.
  c. Bureaucrats tend to be more culturally sensitive than elected officials or workers in the private sector.
  d. People in different countries could easily disagree about the role of bureaucracy for purely cultural reasons.

 Q. 8

Which of these examples best illustrates the way conservatives want bureaucrats to act?
 
  a. An Internal Revenue Service agent referring to a specific line in the tax code when auditing an income tax return
  b. A counter-terrorism expert in the Department of Homeland Security writing new security regulations for cell-phone companies
  c. An Environmental Protection Agency administrator using a scientific study to create new maximum levels for carbon dioxide emissions
  d. An employee of the Social Security Administration lobbying Congress to allow for inflation-adjusted changes to benefits payments