What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions?

What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions?
 
  a. They are demonstrated as early as two or three days after birth.
 b. They trigger activity in the same facial muscles, though in slightly different ways.
  c. They activate a common part of the brain that is responsible for all emotions.
  d. They are experienced by human beings worldwide.

Question 2

Four-year-old Daniel is presented with the story of Holly in one of Selman's perspective-taking exercises. Daniel says that he would not save the kitten because he has allergies to kittens and that his father would not save the kitten because he probably has allergies, too. Which of Selman's stages does this type of thinking represent?
 
  a. Level 0
  b. Level 1
  c. Level 2
  d. Level 3

Question 3

Basic emotions include all EXCEPT which of the following?
 
  a. surprise
  b. apathy
 c. distress
 d. disgust

Question 4

The period of concrete operations is characterized by a decline in
 
  a. perspective taking.
  b. egocentrism.
  c. need for identity.
  d. ethnocentrism.