Orienting tasks are often used in memory studies because

Orienting tasks are often used in memory studies because
 
  a. they help focus subjects on the experimental task.
  b. they help control the memory code formed by the subject.
  c. they improve the subjects' memory.
  d. they improve attention.

Question 2

An orienting task is
 
  a. a way of finding one's bearings in memorizing the solutions to mazes.
  b. a series of graduated practice trials that allow the subject to get the feel of a new memory task.
  c. a task that originated in Eastern cultures which clears the mind and increases memory performance.
  d. a task used to try to control the kind(s) of memory encoding processes the subject applies while encoding new information.

Question 3

Subjects in the Craik and Watkins experiment were required to maintain a word in STM in order to report the last word on a list that began with a specified letter. The results indicated that the amount of rehearsal
 
  a. influences retrieval from LTM, suggesting that semantic processing occurred.
  b. influenced retrieval from LTM, suggesting that semantic processing did not occur.
  c. did not influence retrieval from LTM, suggesting that semantic processing occurred.
  d. did not influence retrieval from LTM, suggesting that semantic processing did not occur.