Define status, distinguish between ascribed, achieved, and master status, and give an example of ...

Answer to q. 1

A status is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain

expectations, rights, and duties. Statuses exist independently of the specific people

occupying them. An ascribed status is a social position conferred at birth or received

involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no

control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender. An achieved status is a social position

that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort.

Achieved statuses (such as occupation, education, and income) are thought to be

gained as a result of personal ability or successful competition. Most occupational

positions in modern societies are achieved statuses. Ascribed statuses have a

significant influence on the achieved statuses we occupy. A master status is the most

important status that person occupies, dominating all the person's other statuses.

Occupation is an example of a master status.

Answer to q. 2

b

Answer to q. 3

The following are suggested areas for students to address in their essays:

Define the term experiment Describe the experimental group. Describe the control group.

Provide an example of the cause-and-effect relationship. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of an experiment.

Provide at least two examples of research studies that lends itself to sociological analysis not provided in the text.

Answer to q. 4

Social structure is the complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy,

politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make

up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior. This structure

is essential for the well-being of individuals because it provides support and social

relationships that connect each of us to the larger society. Social structure is essential

for society because it creates order and predictability. Social structure is also important

for our human development. Social structure gives us the ability to interpret the social

situations we encounter.

Answer to q. 5

a

Answer to q. 6

The following are suggested areas for students to address in their essays:

Define the term survey, questionnaire, and interview. Describe some of the strengths of survey research. Discuss some of the weaknesses of survey research.

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