Identify two environmental factors that affect the germination of seeds. Then list the adaptation(s) ...

Answer to q. 1

1. Low oxygen levels: rice plants carry out alchoholic fermentation, which enables the seeds/seedlings
to stay alive under anaerobic conditions
2. Low temperatures: apple seeds require low temperatures to sense winter so that they will then
germinate in the more hospitable environments of spring
3. Light: lettuce seeds require light in order to germinate, which ensures that the seedling will
photosynthesize instead of depleting the small amounts of food stored in the seed
4. Water: Certain desert plants require water to wash out the abscisic acid, which ensures that there
will be sufficient water available for seeding growth

Answer to q. 2

Both processes involve the bringing together of structures. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an
anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg, and in flowering plants there is a
second fertilization that involves the fusion of sperm with the two polar nuclei.