This is my first time reading about this and here's what I found.
There is a thing called the
Maori Fishing Calendar. It is published in various forms in New Zealand. The Maori (and many other Pacific peoples) found that on certain days of the lunar cycle, fishing was better than at other times.
In the illustration above, the graph shows that the best time to catch fish is from three to five in the morning. Then there's a series of lulls and activity throughout the day. If you only have an couple of hours to spend, you may prefer to go out at three in the afternoon rather than seven in the morning. Many people are quite convinced that, on balance, you will catch more "fish per unit effort" on a day when the Maori calendar predicts good fishing than on other days, but the model is NOT perfect.
It's said that the moon's gravitational pull directly affects the animal's appetite. When the moon is overhead, for some reason, it makes fish hungry. When the moon is underfoot, it also seems to make fish hungry. This is true for both fresh and salt water fish. The gravitational pull of the sun must have a similar, if lesser effect. So, when the sun and the moon are 'up' or 'down' at roughly the same time - as happens near new and full moon - fishing should be the most productive. Some people say the hour around moonrise and moonset have a similar, if lesser, stimulating effect.
In addition to the effect of gravity, light must play a good part in the ability to catch fish. If the fish can't see the bait, it is unlikely to find it. Many predatory fish have eyes that see better in low light than the eyes of their prey. This makes dawn and dusk two valuable contributors to good fishing. Bright moonlight is probably similar from the perspective of the fish, so full moon nights are also favoured fishing times.
Finally, a good current is helpful in carrying the food supply (and your ground bait) towards the fish.