Ms. Higgins gives her students opportunities to manipulate...

Ms. Higgins gives her students opportunities to manipulate and experiment with a wide variety of objects so that they can experience the world on a firsthand basis. From an information processing perspective, what is the value of such experiences?

a. Students can encode information visually as well as verbally and gain a knowledge base to which they can connect more abstract ideas later on.
b. Students are likely to develop formal operational thinking at an earlier age when they have many opportunities to interact with concrete objects.
c. Students are more likely to be intrinsically motivated if they are allowed to manipulate and experiment with the things in their world.
d. Interaction with physical objects helps students overcome their preoperational egocentrism.