1) The posterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus by
a.receptors inside the cell
b.nerve cells
c.membrane receptors
d.short blood vessels
2) Releasing hormones are produced by the _________ and directly affect the _____________.
a.anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
b.hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
c.posterior pituitary; anterior pituitary
d.hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
3) Select all the results of the short-term stress response.
Blood pressure increases.
Blood flow to the heart and muscles increases.
Glucose is released into the blood.
Breathing rate slows.
Digestion speeds up.
Blood flow to the hands and feet increases.
The immune system is placed on hold.
Pupils dilate.
Record your answers in ascending (lowest to highest) order.
___. _____. ____. _____.
4) Some Events in the Release of Hormones
Adrenal cortex releases cortisol.
Adrenal medulla releases cortisol.
Hypothalamus secretes corticotropin releasing hormone.
Hypothalamus secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Anterior pituitary releases a releasing hormone.
Anterior pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone.
ACTH triggers the release of releasing hormone.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.
The order of events that trigger the release of cortisol is
_____, _____ ,_____ ,_____
5) Elevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain resulting in short term memory loss in older adults.
(source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69–73 [1998])
Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may have detrimental effects on your health.
Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress.
a.Blood sugar levels are elevated.
b.The body is more prone to infections.
c.The breathing rate increases.
d.Blood pressure is elevated.
6) textSome Events Involved in the Release of Various Hormones
The adrenal cortex releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The hypothalamus stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.
The hypothalamus stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system.
The hypothalamus secretes the releasing hormone.
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla.
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal cortex.
The anterior pituitary gland secretes ACTH.
The anterior pituitary gland stimulates the adrenal medulla.
The order in which these events involved in the short-term stress response occur is
____, _____, ____
7) The short-term response to stress occurs faster than the long-term response to stress because
a.Neurons carry a signal directly to the adrenal cortex
b.Neurons carry a signal directly from the hypothalamus to the adrenal medulla
c.axons stimulate the hypothalamus to release epinephrine
d.epinephrine is triggered directly from the pituitary
8) Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) results when there is an excess of ADH secretion despite normal or increased blood plasma volume. The result is impaired water excretion and low levels of sodium in the blood.
The hormone that would be released in response to low levels of sodium ions in the blood is
a.glucagon
b.aldosterone
c.thyroxine
d.calcitonin
9) Transplant recipients need to take medications with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.
Which of the following hormones has been made into a drug and could be given to these patients?
a.mineralocorticoids
b.epinephrine
c.aldosterone
d.cortisol
10) Which statement is false?
a.ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
b.When the body is in balance, a negative feedback loop suppresses aldosterone.
c.Low aldosterone causes high blood pressure.
d.The adrenal medulla responds to neurons being stimulated.
11) Which statement is false?
a.Blood glucose levels must stay in a specific range.
b.Glycogen is broken down to release glucose.
c.Insulin stimulates receptors in the liver.
d.Type 2 diabetics lack functioning beta cells.
12) Dr. Ryan, Dr. Shapiro, and Dr. Lakey are pioneers in an islet transplant program at the University of Alberta.
Individuals with ______ are most likely to benefit from islet cell transplant.
a.diabetes insipidus
b.Type 2 diabetes
c.Type 1 diabetes
d.adult-onset diabetes
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