1) By comparing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of living people and/or of skeletons of non-living people, researchers can analyze samples to determine their ancestry.
Which of the following statement correctly describes the inheritance pattern of mtDNA?
a. An egg is much larger than a sperm and therefore contains more mitochondria, passing its mtDNA to the offspring.
b. mtDNA is transcribed from cpDNA outside of the nucleus.
c. An egg contributes half of the DNA and all of its organelles in the cytoplasm to the zygote.
d. An egg contains mitochondria and a sperm cell does not contain any mitochondria.
2) What is a recombinant DNA?
a. Bacterial plasmid with sticky ends are referred to as the recombinant DNA.
b. New DNA sequences are inserted into a genome to produce recombinant DNA.
c. During meiosis, sister chromatids cross over to produce daughter cells with recombinant DNA.
d. Any genome that is non-parental is called a recombinant DNA.
3) Some Steps Involved in Creating Recombinant DNA
1. Plasmid DNA is cut at the restriction site.
2. Foreign DNA is cut at the restriction site.
3. Plasmid DNA is opened and sticky ends are formed.
4. Foreign DNA restriction fragments are isolated
5. Target sequence in the plasmid is recognized by the restriction enzyme.
6. Target sequences in the foreign DNA are recognized by the restriction enzyme.
7. Foreign DNA restriction fragment is inserted into the plasmid at the restriction site.
8. DNA ligase splices the foreign restriction fragment and the plasmid together.
Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in cutting and reassembling DNA molecules to make recombinant DNA.
a. 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 8, 7
b. 5, 1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8, 7
c. 6, 2, 4, 7, 8, 5, 1, 3
d. 5, 1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8
4) What are the sticky ends of the restriction fragments?
a. The surfaces of sticky ends contain matching base pairs, allowing fragments to splice.
b. The surfaces of sticky ends have glue like substance that allow fragments to splice.
c. The surfaces of sticky ends contain the exact same nucleotides, allowing fragments to bond.
d. The surfaces of sticky ends have velcro like structure, allowing fragments to bond.
5) The function of a restriction enzyme is to
a. separate the DNA double helix.
b. cut the nucleotide sequence at a specific location in DNA.
c. prevent the movement of DNA outside the nucleus.
d. proofread DNA for accidental damages and corrects these errors.
6) The same restriction endonuclease must be used to excise the foreign DNA and bacterial DNA.
Select one:
True
False
7) In Cohen-Boyer's recombinant DNA procedure, __i__ must be used for both the bacterial DNA and the amphibian DNA ___ii___.
a. different restriction enzymes; to ensure that the newly introduced genes are maintained in the bacterial DNA
b. different restriction enzymes; so that the genes outside the restriction site are maintained
c. the same restriction enzyme; so that the restriction sites are identical in the DNA of each species
d. the same restriction enzyme; to ensure that the newly formed DNA can replicate
8) When sticky ends of restriction fragments are paired, they can be joined by
a.restriction enzymes
b. RNA polymerase
c.DNA ligase
d. DNA polymerase
9) The fused cell is cultured and is implanted as a multi-celled embryo. During the step where the fused cell begins dividing normally, the cells of the future clone undergo
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. gene splicing
d. fertilization
10) SEE IMAGE 1 TO ANSWER:
Use the following information to answer the next question.
DNA fingerprinting involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at a specific sequence, resulting in many fragments of different lengths. Gel electrophoresis then separates the fragments according to size. DNA fingerprints produced from four different individuals is shown below.
The DNA for Individuals 3 and 4 could NOT be
a. mitochondrial DNA from two people who have the same paternal grandmother (both their fathers had the same mother)
b. nuclear DNA from identical twins
c. mitochondrial DNA from two people who have the same maternal grandmother (both their mothers had the same mother)
d. nuclear DNA isolated from a hair left at a crime scene and a buccal swab from a suspect who was present at the crime
11) Genetically identical organisms derived from a single genetic source are
a. plasmids
b. GMOs
c. transgenic organisms
d. clones
12) SEE IMAGE 2 TO ANSWER
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
The following diagram outlines how the process of cloning a sheep was accomplished.
The percentage of genetic material that the clone has in common with sheep A is approximately
a. 50%
b. 100%
c. 25%
d. 0%
13) The type of cell division that the clone uses to grow and the type of cell division that usually produces a egg and sperm cells respectively are
a. Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Meiosis Cytokinesis
b. Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Mitosis Meiosis
c. Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Meiosis Mitosis
d. Cell Division for growth Cell division for sexual reproduction
Mitosis Cytokinesis
14) DNA fingerprinting uses a process called gel electrophoresis to separate the fragments of DNA. Once the DNA fragments are sorted, the pattern of bands can be analyzed.
Gel Electrophoresis Procedure
1) The smaller DNA fragments start to move away from the wells and the larger DNA fragments remain closer to the wells.
2) An electric current is passed through the gel.
3) DNA fragments are treated with a dye.
4) A restriction endonuclease is added to the DNA.
5) Using micropipettes, the DNA samples are added to the wells.
6) DNA fingerprint is produced.
7) DNA fragments are produced.
The order in which a DNA fingerprint is produced using gel electrophoresis is
Answer, Answer, Answer, Answer, Answer, Answer , and Answer.
15) Which of the following rows correctly identifies the difference between somatic gene therapy and germ cell therapy?
a. Somatic Gene Therapy Germ-Line Therapy
Clinical research is currently banned in Canada. On-going research is looking into developing a viral vector.
b. Somatic Gene Therapy Germ-Line Therapy
Modifies the genetic information carried in gametes. Modifies the genetic information carried in the autosomes.
c. Somatic Gene Therapy Germ-Line Therapy
Can impact the gene pool of the future generation. Cannot impact the gene pool of the future generation.
d. Somatic Gene Therapy Germ-Line Therapy
The targeted genetic disease can still be passed on to the next generation. The targeted genetic disease will not be
passed on to the next generation.
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