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biolove biolove
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A.P. Chapter 24 & 25 Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the options below to answer the following questions. For each description of reproductive isolation, select the option that best describes it. Options may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A.   gametic
B.   temporal
C.   behavioral
D.   habitat
E.   mechanical


   1.   two species of orchids with different floral anatomy
a.   A   b.   B   c.   C   d.   D   e.   E


   2.   two species of trout that breed in different seasons
a.   A   b.   B   c.   C   d.   D   e.   E


   3.   two species of garter snakes live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land
a.   A   b.   B   c.   C   d.   D   e.   E


   4.   two species of meadowlarks with different mating songs
a.   A   b.   B   c.   C   d.   D   e.   E


   5.   A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is
a.   the appearance of new species in the midst of old ones.
b.   asexually reproducing populations.
c.   geographic isolation.
d.   artificial selection.
e.   large populations.


   6.   The ostrich and the emu look very similar and live in similar habitats, however they are not very closely related. This is an example of
a.   divergent evolution.   d.   adaptive radiation.
b.   convergent evolution.   e.   sympatric speciation.
c.   exaptation.


   7.   The reproductive barrier that maintains the species boundary between horses and donkeys is
a.   mechanical isolation   d.   hybrid sterility
b.   gametic isolation   e.   hybrid breakdown
c.   hybrid inviability


   8.   The correct sequence from the most to the least comprehensive of the taxonomic levels listed here is
a.   family, phylum, class, kingdom, order, species, and genus.
b.   domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
c.   domain, kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species.
d.   domain, phylum, kingdom, order, class, species, family, and genus.
e.   phylum, family, class, order, kingdom, genus, and species.


   9.   You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use?
a.   biological   d.   paleontological
b.   phylogenetic   e.   morphological
c.   ecological


   10.   Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct?
I.   Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation.
II.   Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life.
III.   The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful reproduction is possible.

a.   I only   b.   II only   c.   I and III   d.   II and III   e.   I, II, and III


Use the information below to answer the following questions.

A researcher compared the nucleotide sequences of a homologous gene from five different species of mammals with the homologous human gene. The sequence homology between each species' version of the gene and the human gene is presented as a percentage of similarity.

Species   Percentage
Chimpanzee   99.7
Orangutan   98.6
Baboon   97.2
Rhesus Monkey   96.9
Rabbit   93.7


   11.   What probably explains the inclusion of rabbits in this research?
a.   Their short generation time provides a ready source of DNA.
b.   They possess all of the shared derived characters as do the other species listed.
c.   They are the closest known relatives of rhesus monkeys.
d.   They are the outgroup.
e.   They are the most recent common ancestor of the primates.


   12.   What conclusion can be drawn validly from these data?
a.   Humans and other primates evolved from rabbits within the past 10 million years.
b.   Most of the genes of other organisms are paralogous to human genes, or with chimpanzee genes.
c.   Among the organisms listed, humans shared a common ancestor most recently with chimpanzees.
d.   Humans evolved from chimpanzees somewhere in Africa within the last 6 million years.
e.   Both B and C are correct.


   13.   According to the punctuated equilibrium model,
a.   natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution.
b.   given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species.
c.   most new species accumulate their unique features as they comes into existence, then change little for the rest of their duration as a species.
d.   most evolution is goal oriented.
e.   speciation is usually due to a single mutation.


   14.   What is macroevolution?
a.   evolution as it occurs on a large scale
b.   it is a synonym for "stabilizing selection"
c.   population-level changes in gene frequencies
d.   a uniform change in the rate and pattern of evolution
e.   change on the subspecies level


   15.   When using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for classification?
a.   shared primitive characters
b.   analogous primitive characters
c.   shared derived characters
d.   the degree of evolutionary divergence
e.   overall phenotypic similarity


   16.   The changing facial features of a maturing child are an example of
a.   preadaptation   d.   phylogeny
b.   homologies   e.   allometric growth
c.   paedogenesis


   17.   Which combination of the following species characteristics would cause the greatest likelihood of fossilization in sedimentary rock?

I.   The species was abundant.
II.   The species was widespread.
III.   The species had hard body parts.
IV.   The species was adapted to desert life.
V.   The species had a long duration in geologic time.

a.   III only   d.   I, II, and V
b.   III and IV   e.   I, II, III, and V
c.   I, II, and III


   18.   A new plant species C formed from hybridization of species A (2n = 18) with species B (2n = 12) would probably produce gametes with a chromosome number of
a.   12   b.   15   c.   18   d.   30   e.   60


   19.   The existence of evolutionary trends, such as increasing body sizes among horse species, is evidence that
a.   a larger volume-to-surface area ratio is beneficial to all mammals.
b.   evolution generally progresses toward some predetermined goal.
c.   evolution always tends toward increased complexity or increased size.
d.   in particular environments, similar adaptations can be beneficial in more than one species.


   20.   If humans and pandas belong to the same class, then they must also belong to the same
a.   order.   b.   phylum.   c.   family.   d.   genus.   e.   species.


   21.   The four-chambered hearts of birds and the four-chambered hearts of mammals evolved independently of each other. If one were unaware of this independence, then one might logically conclude that
a.   the common ancestor of birds and mammals had a three-chambered heart.
b.   birds and mammals are more distantly related than is actually the case.
c.   early mammals possessed feathers.
d.   the common ancestor of birds and mammals had a four-chambered heart.
e.   birds and mammals should be placed in the same class.


   22.   All of the following statements about splinter populations, or peripheral isolates, are correct EXCEPT:
a.   The gene pool may represent the extremes of genotypic and phenotypic clines
b.   They undergo speciation readily because they are large populations with immense gene pools
c.   Life on the frontier is usually harsh for them, and most become extinct
d.   Many peripheral isolates have an increased likelihood of experiencing a founder effect
e.   The selective factors operating on peripheral isolates may be quite different from those opperating on the parent population


   23.   Which of the following applies to both anagenesis and cladogenesis?
a.   branching   d.   more species
b.   increased diversity   e.   adaptive radiation
c.   speciation


   24.   The only taxonomic category that actually exists as a discrete unit in nature is the
a.   class   b.   species   c.   family   d.   phylum   e.   genus


   25.   The biological species concept is inadequate for grouping
a.   plants.   d.   animals that migrate.
b.   parasites.   e.   sympatric populations.
c.   asexual organisms.


   26.   Although different species of warblers often migrate together and use the same habitats for mating and feeding, they rarely reproduce to create hybrids. The isolating mechanism most likely to be operating is
a.   mechanical isolation   d.   ecological isolation
b.   temporal isolation   e.   gametic isolation
c.   behavioral isolation


   27.   Panthera is a taxon at which level?
a.   order   b.   family   c.   phylum   d.   genus   e.   class


   28.   Which of the following is a way that polyploidy can most directly influence speciation?
a.   It can generate new adaptive peaks
b.   It can overcome hybrid sterility
c.   It can change the mating behavior of animals
d.   It can improve success in island habitats
e.   It can enhance the rate of stabilizing selection


   29.   The Hawaiian islands are a great showcase of evolution because of intense
a.   ecological isolation and sympatric speciation.
b.   adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation.
c.   allopolyploidy and sympatric speciation.
d.   cross-specific mating and reinforcement.
e.   hybrid vigor and allopatric speciation.


Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

 

   30.   The two extant species that are most closely related to each other are
a.   A and B.   b.   B and C.   c.   C and D.   d.   D and E.   e.   E and A.


   31.   A common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position number
a.   1.   b.   2.   c.   3.   d.   4.   e.   5.


   32.   Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms?
a.   reduced hybrid fertility   d.   habitat isolation
b.   hybrid breakdown   e.   gametic isolation
c.   mechanical isolation


   33.   Races of humans are unlikely to evolve extensive differences in the future for which of the following reasons?

I.   The environment is unlikely to change.
II.   Human evolution is complete.
III.   The human races are incompletely isolated.

a.   I only   b.   III only   c.   I and II    d.   II and III    e.   I, II, and III


   34.   The common house fly belongs to all of the following taxa. Assuming you had access to textbooks or other scientific literature, knowing which of the following should provide you with the greatest amount of detailed information about this organism?
a.   order Diptera   d.   class Hexapoda
b.   family Muscidae   e.   phylum Arthropoda
c.   genus Musca


   35.   An explanation for the evolution of insect wings suggests that wings began as lateral extensions of the body that were used as heat dissipaters for thermoregulation. When they had become sufficiently large, these extensions became useful for gliding through the air, and selection later refined them as flight-producing wings. If this hypothesis is correct, insect wings could best be described as
a.   adaptations.
b.   mutations.
c.   exaptations.
d.   isolating mechanisms.
e.   examples of natural selection's predictive ability.
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13 years ago
Wow you went all out today with the testbanks haha
biolove Author
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Donated
Trusted Member
13 years ago
lmao this is becoming more of a tb forum than a bio forum Face with Rolling Eyes i'm taking over bro
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