Chapter 01
Introduction: What Is Ecology?Answers AttachedMultiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 3) Which of the following levels of organization is/are correctly ordered?
A. populations, ecosystem, landscape, individuals, community
B. individuals, populations, community, ecosystem, landscape
C. biosphere, landscape, individuals, community, populations
D. ecosystem, landscape, region, biosphere, populations
E. None of the choices are correct.
BT: Knowledge
2. (p. 4-5) Mac Arthur's conclusions that warblers and coexist by feeding in different zones of a single tree was based on:
A. Lab Experiments
B. Natural history
C. Quantitative observations
D. FieBT manipulations
BT: Comprehension
3. (p. 2) Ecology is:
A. a science
B. a worBTview
C. a philosophy
D. a lifestyle
BT: Knowledge
4. (p. 10) Which of the following is not true of a hypothesis?
A. It is a potential answer to a research question
B. Is is the only answer to a research question
C. It is testable through experimentation
D. It can be verified by other researchers
BT: Comprehension
5. (p. 6-7) David Schindler's work in the Experimental Lakes Area of northwestern Ontario showed the value of
A. careful observational studies conducted at a small scale.
B. theoretical modeling of nutrients in lake ecosystems.
C. large (lake) scale manipulative experiments on ecosystems.
D. laboratory experiments in answering questions about nutrients in lakes.
E. None of the choices are correct.
BT: Knowledge
6. (p. 6-7) Schindler's studies in the Experimental Lakes Area showed that phosphorus
A. is unimportant in determining the structure and function of a lake ecosystem.
B. is not found in househoBT detergents.
C. is often found with CO2 in the wind.
D. is often the limiting nutrient in lakes.
E. All of the choices are correct.
BT: Knowledge
7. (p. 3) Ecosystem ecology includes:
A. Biological and physical processes and interactions
B. Physical and chemical processes and interactions
C. Biological, physical, and chemical processes
D. Biological, physical, and chemical processes and interactions
E. Populations and their environments
BT: Knowledge
8. (p. 2) Physiological ecologists study
A. nutrient cycling and energy flow through ecosystems.
B. exchanges of materials, energy, and organisms between communities.
C. physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with variation in their physical and chemical environment.
D. physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with variation in their social environment.
E. None of the choices are correct.
BT: Knowledge
9. (p. 8) Marie-Joseé Fortin uses advanced statistical methods on empirical data to detect
A. change caused by excess nutrients in lakes.
B. pollen from long ago in lake sediments.
C. declining populations of fish.
D. none of the other choices is correct.
E. spatial and temporal patterns in ecosystems.
BT: Knowledge
10. (p. 8) Platt and his colleagues at DFO were not able to sample phytoplankton directly because of the large size of the marine systems. What method did they develop instead to estimate changes in phytoplankton abundance?
A. random sampling of a section of ocean
B. statistical analysis of a section of ocean
C. patterns of spectral reflectance
D. aerial photographs of sea surface
E. directly measuring marine productivity
BT: Knowledge
11. (p. 3) An ecosystem is defined as
A. all the organisms that live in an area.
B. the physical environment with which organisms interact.
C. an association of interacting species.
D. all of the organisms that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact.
E. all of the individuals of a single species that live in an area and the physical environment with which they interact.
BT: Knowledge
12. (p. 3) The raw materials that an organism must acquire from the environment to live are called
A. resources.
B. minerals.
C. reserves.
D. substrates.
E. nutrients.
BT: Knowledge
13. (p. 7-8) According to Margaret Davis, who studied pollen contained within lake sediments, the vegetation landscape of the Appalachian Mountains from 12,000 years ago until approximately 100 years ago changed as follows:
A. spruce, chestnut, beech.
B. chestnut, spruce, beech.
C. beech, spruce, chestnut.
D. spruce, beech, chestnut.
E. chestnut, beech, spruce.
BT: Knowledge
True / False Questions
14. (p. 8) Pollen cores from lake sediments can be used to reconstruct the paleoecolgical record.
TRUE
BT: Knowledge
15. (p. 2) Natural history is about knowing the history of a biome.
FALSE
16. (p. 4-5) MacArthur observed that Warblers maintain differences in feeding zones.
TRUE
BT: Knowledge
17. (p. 9-10) FieBT studies and laboratory studies are mutually exclusive.
FALSE
BT: Comprehension
18. (p. 2) The word ecology comes from the Greek word for world
FALSE
BT: Knowledge
19. (p. 5) Stable isotopes decay radioactively
FALSE
BT: Knowledge
20. (p. 7) Margaret Davis' studies on lake pollen sediments indicate that the forests of eastern North America did not change with the changing climate.
FALSE
BT: Knowledge
21. (p. 10) The scientific method deals with absolute truths.
FALSE
BT: Comprehension
22. (p. 2) Ecology can be defined as the study of the impact of human activity on the environment.
FALSE
BT: Comprehension
23. (p. 6) The Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) is like a real-worBT laboratory where the natural system can be manipulated.
TRUE
Fill in the Blank Questions
24. (p. 6) David Schindler showed that the link between how natural lakes function and humans affect lakes with their waste water is often by adding excess ____________.
Nutrients
BT: Knowledge
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