Here are a few questions that the professor posted up for review that I don't know the answer of. Any help would be much appreciated!
1) What is bile? Where is it made and stored? What is the biliary system? What is the arrangement between hepatocytes, bile canaliculi and blood sinusoids?
2)What is the role of HCl and pepsin? Why is pepsinogen secreted instead of pepsin? What factors are required for pepsinogen to be converted to pepsin?
3) How many of the following statements are correct?
1. The descending limb of the Loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
2. The descending limb of the Loop of Henle has active ion transport.
3. The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water.
4. The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle has no active ion transport.
5. The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to proteins.
a) 0, b) 1, c) 2, d) 3, e) 4
4) Which of the following organs/glands is not involved in Ca++ regulation?
a) Spleen
b) Liver
c) Kidney
d) Parathyroid gland
e) Skin
5) Which of the following factors is involved in the regulation of glomerular filtration?
a) Myogenic regulation of vascular smooth muscle around the efferent glomerular arteriole.
b) Release of paracrine substances from the juxtaglomerular cells.
c) Mesangial cell diapedesis.
d) Contraction/relaxation of vascular smooth muscle around the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles.
e) Insertion of aquaporin into Bowman’s capsule.
6) Why is the colloid osmotic pressure in the vasa recta critical to kidney function?
7) Why is the colloid osmotic pressure of the vasa recta greater than that in the tubular fluid or the peritubular fluid?
8 ) Destruction of the nucleus of the solitary tract might be expected to cause which of the following changes in cardiorespiratory parameters/function?
a) An increase in blood pressure.
b) An decrease in blood pressure.
c) An increase in arterial pO2.
d) Apnea.
e) Two of the above.
9) A person exhibiting theta brain wave activity is likely to be…?
a) Wide awake and focused on the task at hand.
b) In REM sleep.
c) In stage 4 of non-REM sleep.
d) Driving without really focusing on what is going on around them.
e) Awake and relaxed with their eyes closed.
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