6. gene pool change that results from a rapid decrease in population size
Bottleneck Effect.
7. gene pool change that occurs when a few individuals start a new, isolated population (eg. on an island)
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population any group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area at the same time
genes the basic unit of heredity
allele different form of the same gene occurring on homologous chromosomes
gene pool total of all the alleles for all the genes of all the individuals in a population
genotype frequency proportion of members of a population with a particular genotype; usually expressed as a decimal
phenotype frequency proportion of members of a population with a particular phenotype; usually expressed as a decimal
allele frequency rate of occurrence of a particular allele in a population, with respect to a particular gene
Hardy-Weinberg principle principle that states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, as long as 5 conditions are met: 1. the population is large, 2. random mating, 3. no net mutations, 4. no migration, 5. no natural selection
Hardy-Weinberg equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
genetic equilibrium condition of a gene pool in which allele frequencies remain constant over time; a population at genetic equilibrium is not changing or evolving
microevolution gradual change in allele frequencies in a population over time
genetic diversity degree of genetic variation within a species or population
mutation a permanent change in a cell's DNA; includes changes in nucleotide sequence, alteration of gene position, gene loss, or duplication and insertion of foreign sequence; an inheritable mutation has the potential to effect an entire gene pool
gene flow net movement of alleles from one population to another fur to the migration of individuals and subsequent interbreeding
non-random mating mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding, rather than mating on a random basis
genetic drift change in allele frequencies due to chance events in a small breeding population
founder effect gene pool change that occurs when a few individuals start a new, isolated population
bottleneck effect gene pool change that results from a rapid decrease in population size
natural selection process whereby the characteristics of a population of organisms change overtime because individuals with certain heritable traits survive specific local environmental conditions and, through reproduction, pass on their traits to their offspring
heterozygote advantage a survival benefit for those individuals who inherit two different alleles for the same trait (Aa), compared to those who are homozygous dominant or recessive
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