3. 3) For each of the following hypotheses, identify the likely dependent variable and describe one way that you might operationalize (define/measure) that dependent variable.
1. Teenagers are better at video games than are adults in their 30s
2. Spanking children leads them to be more violent.
3. Students do better in statistics courses if they study with other people than if they study alone.
4. 4) Two researchers are both interested in the relationship between caffeine consumption and activity level for elementary school kids. Each obtains a sample of 20 children.
1. The first researcher interviews each child to determine the level of caffeine consumption. The researcher then records the level of activity for each child during a 30-minute session on the playground. Is this an experimental or observational study? Explain your answer.
2. The second researcher separates the kids into two roughly equal groups. The kids in one group are given a drink with 300 mg of caffeine and the other group gets a drink with no caffeine. The researcher then records the level of activity for each child during a 30-minute session on the playground. Is this an experimental or observational study? Explain your answer.
5. 5) Assume you take your temperature with a thermometer three times over a 30-min period. The readings are 98, 106, and 89 degrees.
1. Briefly discuss what you might conclude about the reliability of your thermometer given these measures.
2. Briefly discuss what you might conclude about the validity of your thermometer given these measures.
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