How do you list the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion or isotope?

Protons are easy. the atomic number is the number of protons. look on any periodic table of elements and you will see that.

As for electrons, in a normal atom there are the same number of electrons that there are protons. in an ion it will say a charge. if it is positive it will have less electrons (Na+1------missing one electron) if the charge is negative, then the atom has more electrons (Cl-1 --------has an extra electron).

Neutron- every element has an atomic mass. if you take the nearest whole number of the mass then you can get to the number of neutrons.
Atomic mass - number of protons = number of neutrons.
for example: O----> 16 - 8 = 8