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12 years ago
The fight-or-flight response prepares an animal to respond to a threatening situation, by either fighting or running away. One aspect of this response is changes in blood flow such that the skeletal muscles and heart receive higher blood flow (vessels dilate) while digestive organs receive less (vessels constrict). Which signal molecule(s) is/are involved in this response, and how do they produce these changes in blood vessels? Explain how this example illustrates one or more of the following concepts: multiple ligands for one receptor, multiple receptors for one ligand, agonists and antagonists.
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12 years ago
The signal molecules are norepinephrine and epinephrine. Both of these chemicals bind to the same adrenergic receptors (multiple ligands) and have the same effect on their receptors, so they are agonists. When alpha-adrenergic receptors are activated in digestive organs, blood vessels constrict. When beta-adrenergic receptors are activated in skeletal and cardiac muscles, blood vessels dilate (multiple receptors).
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