(Solved) PhysioEX 8.0 Lab Manual exercise 2

HELP PLEASE......

Activity 3: Rebreathing

1.   At 20 seconds, pH =
2.   At 40 seconds, pH =
3.   At 60 seconds, pH =
4.   Did the pH level of the blood change at all during this run? If so, how?
5.   Was the pH level always within the “normal” range for the human body? If not, when was the pH value outside of the normal range, and what acid/base imbalance did this pH value indicate?
6.   Did the PCO2 level change during the course of this run? If so, how?
7.   If you observed an acid/base imbalance during this run, how would you expect the renal system to compensate for this condition?
8.   How did the rebreathing trace differ from the trace for normal breathing? Did the tidal volumes change?
9.   Give examples of respiratory problems that would result in pH and PCO2 patterns similar to what you observed during rebreathing?

Renal System Compensation
Activity 4: Renal Response to Normal Acid/Base Balance

1.   At normal PCO2 and pH levels, what level of H+ was present in the urine?
2.   What level of [HCO3-] was present in the urine?
3.   Why does the blood pH value change as PCO2 changes?
4.   How does the blood pH value change as Pco2 changes?

Activity 5: Renal Response to Respiratory Alkalosis

1.   What level of [H+] was present in the urine at each of these PCO2/pH levels?
2.   What level of [HCO3-] was present in the urine at each of these PCO2/pH levels?
3.   Assuming that enough time has passed for the renal system to fully compensate for respiratory alkalosis, would you expect PCO2 levels to increase or decrease? Would you expect blood pH levels to increase or decrease?
4.   Which type of breathing resulted in PCO2 levels closest to the ones we experimented with in this activity – normal breathing, hyperventilation, or rebreathing?
5.   Explain why this type of breathing resulted in alkalosis.

Activity 6: Renal Response to Respiratory Acidosis

1.   What level of [H+] was present in the urine at each of these PCO2/pH levels?
2.   What level of [HCO3-] was present in the urine at each of these PCO2/pH levels?
3.   Assuming that enough time has passed for the renal system to fully compensate for respiratory acidosis, would you expect PCO2 levels to increase or decrease? Would you expect blood pH levels to increase or decrease?
4.   Which type of breathing resulted in PCO2 levels closest to the ones we experimented with in this activity – normal breathing, hyperventilation, or rebreathing?
5.   Explain why this type of breathing resulted in acidosis.

Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis
Activity 7: Respiratory Response to Normal metabolism

1.   What is the respiratory rate?
2.   What is the blood pH?
3.   Are the blood pH and PCO2 values within normal ranges?

Activity 8: Respiratory Response to Increased Metabolism

1.   How did respiration change?
2.   How did blood pH change?
3.   How did PCO2 change?
4.   How did [H+] change?
5.   How did [HCO3-] change?
6.   Explain why these changes took place as metabolic rate increased?
7.   Which metabolic rates caused pH levels to decrease to a condition of metabolic acidosis?
8.   What were the pH values at each of these rates?
9.   By the time the respiratory system fully compensated for acidosis, how would you expect the pH values to change?

Activity 9: Respiratory Response to Decreased Metabolism

1.   How did respiration change?
2.   How did blood pH change?
3.   How did PCO2 change?
4.   How did [H+] change?
5.   How did [HCO3-] change?
6.   Explain why these changes took place as metabolic rate decreased?
7.   Which metabolic rates caused pH levels to increase to a condition of metabolic alkalosis?
8.   What were the pH values at each of these rates?
9.   By the time the respiratory system fully compensated for alkalosis, how would you expect the pH values to change?

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PhysioEX 8.0 Lab Manual exercise 2

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