The degrees of freedom are a function of the ____.
a. alpha level
b. variance
c. means
d. sample size
Upon testing variations of his original obedience study, Milgram found that
a. the original participants had conformed to the experimenter's orders only because the study was conducted at a respected institution.
b. obedience decreased as the distance between the participant and the learner was increased.
c. participants were less likely to shock the learner if he was close by than if he was in another room.
d. participants were more likely to shock the learner if other confederate teachers refused to do so.
The credibility of any causal conclusions drawn using the ABAB design depends largely on the ____.
a. the intensity of the treatment
b. the stability of behavioral change when the treatment is first introduced
c. the stability of behavioral change when the treatment is reintroduced
d. the return to baseline component
The t-value can be expressed as
a. noise / signal
b. signal / noise
c. noise - signal
d. signal - noise
Experimental control helps to eliminate the problem of
a. variation in the dependent variable caused by the independent variable.
b. experimental error.
c. interaction effects.
d. error variance.
The main difference between a multiple-baseline design and an ABAB design is the ABAB design ____.
a. is used when the treatment has a permanent or longlasting effect
b. is used when the treatment has an immediate but temporary effect
c. does not require a stable baseline phase
d. reduces the probability that the result is just chance or coincidence
The sum of the squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of observations minus 1 is called the ____.
a. range
b. variance
c. dispersion
d. error
In Milgram's obedience studies, the confederate learner
a. instructed the teacher subject to increase voltage following errors.
b. was never actually shocked by the teacher subject.
c. was chosen at random for each experimental session.
d. only rarely made errors on the memory task.
A researcher has developed a device to prevent snoring.The device works immediately when it is put on, but has no lasting effect when it is removed. The researcher decides to evaluate this device with a single-subject design. Which design is most appropriate?
a. ABAB design
b. multiple-baseline design
c. alternating treatments design
d. changing criterion design
A statistical estimate of the standard deviation one would obtain from the distribution of an infinite number of estimates of the difference between the means of two groups is the ____.
a. standard error of the difference
b. estimated error
c. regression coefficient
d. correction factor
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