Chapter 6. Initial Treatment and Examination.TRUE/FALSE. Write "T" if the statement is true and "F" if it is false
1. A forensic anthropology laboratory is the ideal place in which to perform the analysis of human remains.
Answer: True p. 112
2. Some of the tools needed in a forensic anthropology laboratory are shovels, screens, and digging sticks.
Answer: False p. 112 – 113
3. The removal of any remaining soft tissue is a necessary step in the preparation of human remains for further analysis.
Answer: True p. 114
4. Preparation of remains involves bulk soft tissue removal, disarticulation and residual soft tissue removal.
Answer: True p. 114
5. Something that is warned about in the book chapters is the potential loss of information due to improper handling of human remains.
Answer: True p. 114 and others
6. Important information can be lost if the remains are not examined for trauma and postmortem damage before soft tissue is removed.
Answer: True p. 114
7. Bulk soft tissue removal involves soaking the remains to macerate (soften) tissue for ease of removal.
Answer: False p. 115
8. Some soft tissue should be saved for further analysis such as finger tips (if present) for finger print analysis and other tissues for DNA.
Answer: True p. 115
9. Dermestid beetles can be used to remove the bulk of soft tissue.
Answer: True p. 115
10. Disarticulation involves separating the bones of the skull from each other.
Answer: False p. 116
11. Residual soft tissue removal is performed with tissue scissors.
Answer: False p. 117
12. An antiformalin solution takes several days to dissolve residual soft tissue.
Answer: False p. 117
13. Stabilizing remains helps strengthen them for further analysis.
Answer: True p. 118
14. Since forensic anthropological analysis can be done on fragmented bones, it is unnecessary to reconstruct broken bones when all of the pieces are present.
Answer: False p. 118 – 119
15. Sorting commingled remains can be difficult to impossible.
Answer: True p. 120
16. Potential matches between bones are more easily eliminated than proven.
Answer: True p. 121
17. A right femur is found associated with a left os oxae. When it is found that the head of the femur fits into the hip socket of the other bone, you can assume that these bones belong to the same individual.
Answer: False p. 121
18. Analyzing remains for duplication involves examining bones to ensure they are approximately of the same size and busticity.
Answer: False p. 122
19. The atlas fits well to the occipital condyles of the skull.
Answer: False p. 123
20. When the pelvis is properly reassembled, the right and left pubic bones do not touch.
Answer: True p. 124
21. A left femur is found associated with a left os oxae. When it is found that the head of the femur is too large to fit into the hip socket of the other bone, you can assume that there is more than one individual represented here.
Answer: True p. 125
22. It would be difficult to fit the humerus of one person to the scapula of another.
Answer: False p. 125
23. Re-articulation of the knee shows a good fit between the distal femur and proximal tibia.
Answer: False p. 126
24. Any method of inventorying that ensures that all bones present are documented is acceptable.
Answer: True p. 127
25. A more accurate method for calculating Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) involves the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS).
Answer: True p. 129
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
26. Which of the following is a component of a forensic anthropology laboratory?
A 3 foot by 7 foot table
B Drying rack
C Fume hood
D All of the above
Answer: D p. 112 – 113
27. Which of the following is not a methodological or safety issue for forensic anthropologists?
A Laboratory security
B Apprehension of criminals
C Avoidance of comingling
D Safety from biological and chemical hazards
Answer: B p. 113 – 114
28. During which of the following phases in the preparation of remains is information about soft tissue trauma most likely to be uncovered?
A Initial examination
B Bulk soft tissue removal
C Residual soft tissue removal
D Stabilization of remains
Answer: A p. 114
29. During which of the following phases in the preparation of remains is it most likely that bones could be damaged in a manner similar to trauma?
A Initial examination
B Bulk soft tissue removal
C Residual soft tissue removal
D Stabilization of remains
Answer: B p. 115
30. During which of the following phases in the preparation of remains are the individual bones separated from each other?
A Initial examination
B Bulk soft tissue removal
C Disarticulation
D Residual soft tissue removal
Answer: C p. 116
31. During which of the following phases in the preparation of skeletal remains is an antiformalin solution most likely to be used?
A Initial examination
B Bulk soft tissue removal
C Disarticulation
D Residual soft tissue removal
Answer: D p. 117
32. During which of the following phases in the preparation of remains are the bones soaked in a solution of Alvar or similar perservative?
A Initial examination
B Bulk soft tissue removal
C Residual soft tissue removal
D Stabilization of remains
Answer: D p. 118
33. Which of the following tasks involves separating the bones of multiple individuals from each other?
A Reconstruction
B Sorting
C Reassembly
D All of the above
Answer: B p. 119 – 121
34. Which of the following rules would not help you in determining minimum number of individuals in a set of bones brought to you for identification?
A Number of unique bones (e.g., number of right femurs, left femurs, right ulnae, left ulnae)
B Count of number of bones present
C Consistancy of robusticity
D Color of bones
Answer: B p. 122
35. To which joint surface does the atlas articulate?
A Temporal mandibular joint
B Knee
C Occipital condyles
D Elbow
Answer: C p. 123
36. At which joint does the humerus and ulna articulate?
A Temporal mandibular joint
B Elbow
C Knee
D Ankle
Answer: B p. 125
37. At which joint does the femur and os coxa articulate?
A Hip
B Elbow
C Knee
D Ankle
Answer: A p. 125
38. Which of the following bones appear to join with each other the best?
A Atlas to the skull
B Humerus to the scapula
C Femur to the os coxa
D Femur to the tibia
Answer: C p. 125
39. At which joint does the tibia and talus articulate?
A Temporal mandibular joint
B Elbow
C Knee
D Ankle
Answer: D p. 126 – 127
40. Which weathering stage is most likely to be observed on bones that have been exposed on the surface for 10 or more years?
A Stage 0
B Stage 2
C Stage 4
D All of the above
Answer: C p. 129
Problem: Every first Monday of the month, your university holds a bone identification clinic for anyone in the community who has found bones and is wondering what they are. You are staffing the clinic this month, and a couple who live up nearby bring in the following elements:
- Metapodials from a large animal (perhaps a cow)
- Right adult human tibia
- Left adult human humerus
- 2 left and 1 right adult human os coxae
- Complete mandible of what looks like a dog
- Right distal epiphysis to a human femur
41. Using only this information, what is the minimum number of individual humans in this collection?
A one
B two
C three
D four
Answer: B p. 122
42. Using only this information, what is the minimum number of individual beings (humans and nonhumans) in this collection?
A two
B three
C four
D five
Answer: C p. 122, various other page
43. If it is determined that the distal epiphysis of the femur goes with the right tibia, what is the minimum number of individuals in this collection?
A two
B three
C four
D five
Answer: A p. 122, various other page
44. If it is determined that none of the os coxae could belong to the other bones, what is the minimum number of individuals in this collection?
A two
B three
C four
D five
Answer: B p. 122, various other page
45. If it is determined that none of the os coxae could belong to the other bones and that the humerus is too small for the tibia, what is the minimum number of individuals in this collection?
A two
B three
C four
D five
Answer: C p. 122, various other page
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