Biology 2121 - Practice Questions - Review
Chapters 3 and 4
Name_________________________
__________
Please Note: Answers may be found on the final pages of this document
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
1)
Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.
A)
Ribosomal RNA
1)
_______
2)
Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.
B)
Transfer RNA
2)
_______
C)
Messenger RNA
3)
Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.
D)
ATP
3)
_______
4)
Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.
4)
_______
5)
May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
5)
_______
Match the following:
6)
Chromosomes decoil to form chromatin.
A)
Anaphase
6)
_______
7)
Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
B)
Telophase
7)
_______
8)
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.
A)
Late prophase
8)
_______
9)
Chromosomes align on the spindle equator.
B)
Early prophase
9)
_______
C)
Metaphase
10)
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
10)
______
Match the following:
11)
Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.
A)
Microtubules
11)
______
B)
Endoplasmic reticulum
12)
The actual site of protein synthesis.
12)
______
C)
Nucleoli
13)
Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.
13)
______
D)
Ribosomes
14)
Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.
E)
Nucleus
14)
______
15)
Houses DNA and RNA.
15)
______
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
16)
The spindle in mitosis is formed by the migration of the chromatin.
16)
______
17)
Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA.
17)
______
18)
Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.
18)
______
19)
Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.
19)
______
20)
DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.
20)
______
21)
The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.
21)
______
22)
In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts.
22)
______
23)
Only one cell type in the human body has a flagellum.
23)
______
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
24)
The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a specific amino acid is ________ RNA.
24)
____________
25)
________ is the division of the cytoplasm.
25)
____________
26)
The metabolic or growth phase of a cell life cycle is called ________.
26)
____________
27)
Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ________.
27)
____________
28)
A red blood cell would swell if its surrounding solution were ________.
28)
____________
29)
A ________ is a channel between cells.
29)
____________
30)
Describe two important functions of the Golgi apparatus.
30)
____________
31)
Explain the term genetic code. What does it code for? What are the letters of the code?
31)
____________
32)
Why are free radicals so dangerous to cells, and how are they dealt with by the body?
32)
____________
33)
Which organelles have their own DNA?
33)
____________
34)
How are the products of free ribosomes different from membrane-bound ribosomes?
34)
____________
35)
How are peroxisomes different from lysosomes?
35)
____________
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
36)
The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body.
A)
Cutaneous membrane
36)
______
B)
Mucous membrane
37)
The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior.
37)
______
C)
Serous membrane
38)
Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
38)
______
39)
Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.
A)
Endothelium
39)
______
40)
Makes up the pleura and pericardium.
B)
Serous membrane
40)
______
C)
Mucous membrane
41)
Lines blood vessels and the heart.
41)
______
Match the following:
42)
Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility.
A)
Hyaline cartilage
42)
______
B)
Reticular tissue
43)
Forms the embryonic skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones.
43)
______
C)
Mesenchyme
44)
Embryonic connective tissue that arises from mesoderm and produces all types of connective tissues.
D)
Mensenchyme
44)
______
E)
Elastic cartilage
45)
Source of new cells in mature connective tissue.
45)
______
46)
Forms internal supporting framework of soft organs such as the spleen.
46)
______
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
47)
The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.
47)
______
48)
Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants.
48)
______
49)
Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.
49)
______
50)
Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
50)
______
51)
Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.
51)
______
52)
Stratified cuboidal epithelium is rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction.
52)
______
53)
Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
53)
______
54)
Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.
54)
______
55)
The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.
55)
______
56)
A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.
56)
______
57)
Intercalated discs and striations suggest the presence of skeletal muscle.
57)
______
58)
Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.
58)
______
59)
Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.
59)
______
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
60)
________ tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes.
60)
____________
61)
Osteocytes exist in a tiny void called a ________.
61)
____________
62)
Cardiac muscle tissue is single nucleated, has intercalated discs, and is ________.
62)
____________
63)
________ muscle cells are multinucleated.
63)
____________
64)
________ live in the lacuna of cartilage.
64)
____________
65)
The uppermost layer of skin is composed of ________.
65)
____________
66)
Kidney tubules are composed of ________ epithelium.
66)
____________
67)
All epithelial tissue rests upon a ________ composed of connective tissue.
67)
____________
68)
The salivary glands are a good example of a ________ exocrine gland.
68)
____________
69)
Macrophage-like cells are found in many different tissues, and may have specific names that reflect their location or specializations. What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells?
69)
____________
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
70)
Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.
70)
______
71)
Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.
71)
______
72)
Sweat glands are apocrine glands.
72)
______
73)
Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.
73)
______
74)
Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.
74)
______
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
75)
All of the following statements refer to events of tissue repair. Put the events in proper numbered order according to the sequence of occurrence. The initial event, the injury, is already indicated as number one.
1. The skin receives a cut that penetrates into the dermis and bleeding begins.
2. Epithelial regeneration is nearly complete.
3. Granulation tissue is formed.
4. Blood clotting occurs and stops the blood flow.
5. The scar retracts.
6. Macrophages engulf and clean away cellular debris.
7. Fibroblasts elaborate connective tissue fibers to span the break.
75)
____________
76)
How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue?
76)
____________
77)
How is blood unique among connective tissues?
77)
____________
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