J. J. Yamamoto works for a marketing research firm in Vancouver and one of her clients is a multinational firm with interests in 12 countries. J. J.'s client's next research project involves surveying household members in China. J. J. speaks English and Japanese but does not speak any Chinese dialects. She is responsible for designing the questionnaire. Which of the following best represents the procedure J. J. should use in developing the questionnaire for her client?
A) Create the questionnaire in the universal language of English, then have it translated into the target audience's language, pretested and revised for distribution.
B) Create the questionnaire in the universal language of English, then have it translated into the target audience's language, then have it translated by independent translators back into English so it is ready for distribution.
C) Create the questionnaire in the universal language of English, then have it translated into the target audience's language, German, then have it translated by independent translators back into English, then have it translated back into the target language after revisions are made so it is ready for distribution.
D) Create the questionnaire in the universal language of English, then have it translated into the target audience's language, then have it translated by independent translators back into English, then have it translated back into the target language after revisions are made, and finally, conduct pretests using persons who speak the target language in China.
E) Never attempt to create a questionnaire in a language other than one's own native language; it is wise to not accept such research projects and to refer the client to a marketing research firm China where the respondents live.
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