Lab manual EX 3 Gross Anatomy of the Heart

Anterior view of the heart-----
1. G- Right Atrium
2. J-  Right Ventricle
3. R- Left Atrium
4. U- Left Ventricle
5. B- Superior Vena Cava
6. K- Inferior Vena Cava
7. D- Ascending Aorta
8. N- Aortic Arch
9. A- Brachiocephalic Artery
10. L- Left Common Carotid Artery
11. M- Left Subclavian Artery
12. E- Pulmonary Trunk
13. C- Right Pulmonary Artery
14. P- Left Pulmonary Artery
15. O- Ligamentum Arteriosum
16. F- Right Pulmonary Veins
17. Q- Left Pulmonary Veins
18. H- Right Coronary Artery
19. I- Anterior Cardiac Vein
20. T- Left Coronary Artery
21. S- Circumflex Artery
22. W- Anterior Interventricular Artery
23. X- Apex Of Heart
24. V- Great Cardiac Vein

2. What is the function of the fluid that fills the pericardial sac?
To reduce friction during heart activity.

3. Matching terms
1. Location of the heart in the thorax       Mediastinum
2. Superior heart chambers          Atria
3. Inferior heart chambers         Ventricles
4. Visceral pericardium         Epicardium
5. "anterooms" of the heart         Atria
6. Equals cardiac muscle         Myocardium
7. Provide nutrient blood to the heart muscle      Coronary arteries
8. Lining of the heart chambers      Endocardium
9. Actual "pumps" of the heart      Ventricles
10. Drains blood into the right atrium      Coronary sinus

4. What is the function of the valves found in the heart?
The valves enforce a one-way blood flow through the heart.

5.What is the role of the chordae tendineae?
They anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls. This prevents backflow of blood into the atria.

6. Pulmonary circulation is missing.
Pulmonary arteries--> Lungs Pulmonary capillaries--> Pulmonary veins Heart

7. Differentiate clearly between the roles of the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
Difference is that pulmonary circulation is strictly to provide gas exchange in the lungs; whereas the systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissues.

8. Right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary trunk, to the pulmonary arteries, to the capillary beds of the lungs, to the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium of the heart, through the Bicuspid (mitral) valve to the Left ventricle, through the Aortic semilunar valve to the Aorta, to the systemic arteries, to the Capillary beds (body & heart) of the tissues, to the systemic veins, to the Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, and Coronary sinus & cardiac veins entering the right atrium of the heart.

9. If the Mitral valve does not close properly, which circulation is affected? Pulmonary circulation.

10. Why might a thrombus (blood clot) in the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery cause sudden death?
It can cut off the blood supply to the heart, resulting in the very rapid death.

11. How would you distinguish the structure of cardiac muscle from that of skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscle is long, cylindrical, has multinucleated cells, and has obvious striations. But cardiac muscles are branching, have striations, and the cells interdigitate at the junctions (intercalated discs).

12. Describe the unique anatomical features of cardiac muscle. What role does the unique structure of cardiac muscle play in its function?
The unique feature is the intercalated discs. The intercalated discs have two important functions: 1. It holds the myocytes together so that they do not pull apart when the heart contracts. 2. The discs allow an electrical connection between the cells, which is vital to the function of the heart as a whole.

13-16 LAB QUESTIONS