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trina820 trina820
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10 years ago
4. Choose 4 cellular organelles and describe their function
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10 years ago
Centrioles

- Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus
- Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules
- Involved in cellular division
- Lie at right angles to each other

Chloroplasts

- A plastid usually found in plant cells
- Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place

Cytoskeleton

- Composed of microtubules
- Supports cell and provides shape
- Aids movement of materials in and out of cells

Endoplasmic reticulum

- Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane
- Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane
- Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system
- Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
- Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

Golgi apparatus

- Protein 'packaging plant'
- A membrane structure found near nucleus
- Composed of numerous layers forming a sac

Lysosome

- Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
- Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
- Vary in shape depending on process being carried out
- Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

Mitochondria

- Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure
- Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae
- Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae
- Controls level of water and other materials in cell
- Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea

Ribosomes

- Each cell contains thousands
- Miniature 'protein factories'
- Composes 25% of cell's mass
- Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm

Vacuoles

- Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
- Contains water solution
- Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular organisms)
Mastering in Nutritional Biology
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