The U.S. government found that Africans seeking asylum on the basis of family reunification had ...

The U.S. government found that Africans seeking asylum on the basis of family reunification had committed fraud in 80 of the tested cases. What is the best possible explanation for this high degree of dissonance between what the individual said and what the genetic test showed?
 
  a. Africans seeking political asylum rarely tell the truth.
  b. Genetic tests in 2008 were not as advanced as they are today.
  c. The definition of family is different from one culture to another.
  d. Those officials doing the genetic tests were not fully qualified.
  e. Family and relationship never show up in genetic tests.