Why did the populations of Euro-American cities grow so fast between 1850 and 1914, and how did ...

ANSWER:
The populations of Europe and America grew faster between 1850 and 1914 than at any other time. Population increased primarily because of a dramatic decrease in the death rate, which was due in large part to technological innovations in agriculture, medicine, and sanitation. Because of the burgeoning population, between 1850 and 1900 each year 400,000 Europeans migrated overseas; between 1900 and 1914, the number exceeded 1 million each year. The population of North America, which received many of those emigrants, increased from 7 million to 82 million. Within both European and American nations, industrialization caused a population shift from the countryside to cities. Cities grew larger, taking up more space, and the mushrooming of suburbs adjacent to cities added to the size of metropolitan areas. Piped water systems and sewerage, along with electric streetcars and subways, electric and gas lighting, and central heating, improved living conditions in cities. Innovations such as police and fire departments, health inspection, public parks and libraries, schools, and garbage removal all made cities safer and more desirable places to inhabit.