(Solved) Physio Ex 9.0 Exercise 9: Renal System

The following questions refer to Activity 1: Investigating the Effect of Flow Tube Radius on Glomerular Filtration.
1. Describe the effect of increasing the afferent radius on glomerular filtration rate and glomerular pressure.
BOTH GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND GLOMERULAR PRESSURE WILL INCREASE

2. Describe the effect of decreasing the efferent radius on glomerular filtration rate and glomerular pressure.
BOTH GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND GLOMERULAR PRESSURE WILL INCREASE

3. Describe the effect of increasing the efferent radius on glomerular filtration rate and glomerular pressure.
BOTH GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND GLOMERULAR PRESSURE WILL DECREASE

The following questions refer to Activity 2: Studying the Effect of Pressure on Glomerular Filtration.
4. Describe the effect of increasing the beaker pressure on glomerular filtration rate.
GFR increases.

5. Describe the effect of increasing the beaker pressure on glomerular pressure.
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE INCREASED

6. In the absence of any regulatory mechanisms, what effect do you think an increase in blood pressure would have on glomerular filtration rate?
AN INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE KIDNEYS WOULD INCREASE IN GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

The following questions refer to Activity 3: Exploring Intrinsic Controls: Renal Autoregulation.
7. What was the glomerular filtration rate at 80 mm Hg beaker pressure, 0.55 mm afferent radius, and 0.45 mm efferent radius?
129.61

8. With the beaker pressure increased to 85 mm Hg, at what afferent radius was the glomerular filtration rate in question 7 restored?
0.52 MM (AFFERENT RADIUS)

9. With the beaker pressure increased to 85 mm Hg, at what efferent radius was the glomerular filtration rate in question 7 restored?
0.52 MM (EFFERENT RADIUS)

10. In the body, what mechanisms play a role in maintaining glomerular filtration rate with fluctuating blood pressure?
THE MYOGENIC MECHANISM, TUBOGLOMERULAR FEEDBACK MECHANISM, SYMPATHEITC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROLS, RENIN-ANGIOTENSION MECHANISM, PROSTAGLANDIN - E2, INTRARENAL ANGIOTENSION II, AND ADENOSINE.

Simulating Urine Formation
The following questions refer to Activity 4: Exploring the Role of the Solute Gradient on Maximum Urine Concentration Achievable.
11. As you increased the concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid, what happened to the concentration of the urine?
It INCREASED

12. What happened to the volume of the urine as you increased the concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid?
DECREASED

13. What effect does the concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid have on the maximum urine concentration? URINE CONCENTRATION EQUALS INTERSTITIAL FLUID CONCENTRATION.

The following questions refer to Activity 5: Studying the Effect of Glucose Carrier Proteins on Glucose Reabsorption.
14. What happens to the concentration of glucose in the urine as the number of glucose carriers increases? DECREASED

15. Glucose can be elevated in the blood of a diabetic person. Relate this information to glucose in the urine and glucose carriers.
WE WOULD EXPECT TO FIND GLUCOSE IN THE URINE BECAUSE THERE IS TOO MUCH GLOCSE IN THE FILTRATE TO BE REABSORBED AND NOT ENOUGH AVAILABLE GLUCOSE CARRIERS TO TRANSPORT IT.

The following questions refer to Activity 6: Testing the Effects of Hormones on Urine Formation.

16. What was the volume of urine in the presence of aldosterone? How did aldosterone affect the urine volume? 180.90 WHEN ALDOSTERONE IS PRESENT, URINE VOLUME SLIGHTLY DECREASED AS THE INTERSTITIAL GRADIENT INCREASES

17. What happened to the concentration of potassium in the urine in the presence of aldosterone?
INCREASED

18. What was the volume of the urine in the presence of ADH? How did ADH affect the urine volume?
20.14; WITH ADH VOLUME IS DRAMATICALLY DECREASED.

19. Why did the concentration of potassium change in the presence of ADH without a change in the excretion of potassium?
URINE VOLUME IS ONE-TENTH OF VOLUME WITHOUT ADH. WITH ADH, POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION IS 10X THAT OF THE CONCENTRATION WITHOUT ADH. THERE IS NO INCREASE IN POTASSIUM SECRETION WITH ADH

20. Does ADH favor the formation of dilute or concentrated urine? Explain.
ADH CAUSES IN INCREASE OF WATER PERMEABILITY IN THE DCT AND COLLECTING DUCTS. WHAT MOVES FROM THE TUBULES INTO THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID BY OSMOSIS. FAVORS THE FORMATION OF CONCENTRATED URINE.

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Physio Ex 9.0 Exercise 9: Renal System

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