Ch07 Making Decisions About Drug and Alcohol Use.docx

Chapter 7 – Making Decisions About Drug and Alcohol Use Multiple Choice 1. Drugs affect the central nervous system by A) eliminating the production of neurotransmitters. B) destroying a neuron’s dendrite. C) destroying the synaptic junction. D) blocking the production or forcing the continued release of neurotransmitters. Answer: D Page: 160 2. A characteristic of the final stage of the addiction process is performing the addictive behavior in order to A) escape from reality. B) feel better about oneself. C) avoid withdrawal symptoms. D) experience its euphoric effects. Answer: C Page: 160 3. Which of the following is NOT part of the process of addiction? A) setting B) compulsion C) loss of control D) exposure Answer: A Pages: 159-160 4. Which of the following BEST illustrates codependence? A) protecting an addicted son or daughter from criticism by ignoring the problem B) placing a son or daughter in a treatment program because he or she has an addiction C) supporting an addicted son or daughter’s efforts to conquer the addiction D) being economically dependent upon one who has an addiction Answer: A Pages: 160 5. Which of the following conditions shows MOST clearly that Lise is a codependent in her husband’s alcoholism? She A) feels helpless to change him. B) will not force him to seek treatment. C) drinks more than she feels she should. D) will make excuses for her husband’s drinking behavior. Answer: D Page: 160 6. A drug is any substance (other than food) that A) produces euphoric or anesthetic effects in animals. B) alters structure or function in living organisms. C) has a negative physiological effect in animals. D) is known to be harmful to living tissues. Answer: B Page: 158 7. Drugs that change the user’s feelings, perceptions, or moods are called A) reactive. B) physiopathic. C) psychoactive. D) corticostimulating. Answer: C Page: 158 8. Which of the following is FALSE regarding psychoactive drugs? They A) are used for medical reasons. B) are found in over-the-counter substances. C) only depress the central nervous system. D) have a strong potential for the development for dependence. Answer: C Page: 158 9. Which of the following BEST illustrates a drug tolerance reaction? A) Fred gets sick if he drinks more than twelve beers. B) Fred becomes intoxicated after drinking two beers. C) Felicia cannot drink alcohol because even small amounts make her sick. D) Felicia used to get dizzy when she drank a glass of wine, but she no longer does. Answer: D Page: 162 10. The unpleasant effects of drug withdrawal are caused by A) the body’s attempt to regain homeostasis after developing a physical dependence on the drug. B) toxins released from storage sites in fatty tissues as the level of drug in the bloodstream drops. C) a kickback effect as the immune system tries to remove all traces of the drug from tissues. D) psychological dependence on the drug which causes a physical reaction. Answer: A Page: 162 11. Cross-tolerance occurs when A) tolerance to a drug crosses the line into addiction. B) tolerance for one drug affects tolerance for another. C) the combination of two drugs drastically reduces tolerance for both. D) introduction of a new drug changes tolerance to a drug in current use. Answer: B Page: 162 12. Every day after work, Leon has a couple of drinks to help him relax even though it upsets his stomach. This illustrates that he A) loves to drink. B) is addicted to alcohol. C) has a high tolerance for alcohol. D) is psychologically dependent on alcohol. Answer: D Page: 162 13. Another word that means psychological dependency is A) addiction. B) tolerance C) habituation. D) cross-tolerance Answer: C Page: 162 14. Which of the following BEST illustrates drug misuse, as opposed to drug abuse? A) taking twice the recommended dosage of an over-the-counter painkiller for a toothache B) continuing to drink heavily after a doctor has warned you that it is damaging your liver C) taking a drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms D) becoming addicted to prescription painkillers Answer: A Page: 161 15. When does drug misuse MOST clearly cross the line into drug abuse? A) when you take a prescription drug to keep from getting sick B) when you take larger doses than the prescription calls for C) when you continue use despite negative effects on health D) when you acquire the drug without a prescription Answer: C Page: 161 16. Both of Ron’s parents abused drugs, and he fears that he will inherit that behavior. What can you tell him about the role of heredity in substance abuse? A) Genetic factors in substance abuse are strong in men, but weaker in women because of the influence of socialization on women. B) Genetic factors have been found to play a role in the development of alcoholism, but are less conclusive for other substances. C) Genetic engineering techniques now exist that can reduce the influence of many inherited behaviors. D) Genetic engineering has identified many inherited tendencies he will be unable to change. Answer: B Pages: 160, 178 17. Brad is MOST vulnerable to abusing drugs if A) his friends do it. B) he watches movies featuring it. C) his parents are strict religious fundamentalists. D) his school has no effective drug prevention program. Answer: A Page: 160 18. The highest rate of drug abuse in the United States occurs among people of ages A) 12 to 17. B) 18 to 25. C) 35 to 59. D) 60 and over. Answer: B Page: 158 19. A gateway drug is a drug that A) often leads to the abuse of heavier drugs. B) is usually available over the counter. C) is glamorized by the media. D) cannot be addictive. Answer: A Page: 181 20. Of the following, the clearest example of a gateway drug influence is A) partygoers turning to hard liquor when the beer runs low. B) an alcoholic sniffing glue when he has no money for alcohol. C) LSD use branching into hallucinogenic mushrooms and cactus buttons. D) youngsters’ cigarette smoking leading the way into marijuana smoking. Answer: D Page: 181 21. When two or more drugs are taken and the result is merely a combined total effect of each drug, the result is a(n) ________________ effect. A) synergistic B) additive C) stimulating D) antagonistic Answer: B Page: 171 22. Which of the following BEST describes a synergistic effect of two drugs taken together? The effect of the A) drugs is the sum of the effects of each. B) first drug is to make the second more potent. C) second drug is to reduce the effect of the first. D) two drugs combined is greater than the effects of each taken alone. Answer: D Page: 171 23. Which of the following BEST illustrates a synergistic drug effect? A) taking several drinks after a dose of your antianxiety drug suddenly causes severe respiratory depression B) taking benzodiazepines to make your alcohol withdrawal symptoms less severe C) receiving a shot of naltrexone to stop the psychoactive effects of heroin D) taking Antabuse to make you sick after you have had several alcoholic drinks Answer: A Page: 171 24. When a doctor administers another drug to a victim of a drug overdose, it is probably one that A) has a potentiated effect on the drug that the victim took. B) has an antagonistic effect on the drug that the victim took. C) lowers the basal metabolic rate to protect the victim from heart failure. D) will enable the victim to relax until the effects of the overdose are past. Answer: B Page: 171 25. A potentiated effect is A) when one drug reduces the effect of the other drug. B) an exaggerated effect produced by two or more drugs in the same category. C) when the use of one drug intensifies the effect of the second drug. D) when the use of a drug causes the user to do similar drugs in that category. Answer: C Page: 171 26. Cocaine, caffeine, and amphetamines are all A) narcotics. B) stimulants. C) hallucinogens. D) physically addictive. Answer: B Page: 163 27. Halle drinks three cups of strong coffee per day. Based on what researchers know now, what risks does she face and what should she do? A) She faces an elevated long-term risk of stomach ulcers and should drink coffee only occasionally. B) She is slightly increasing her cancer risk and should cut back to no more than two cups per day. C) She is increasing her risk of chronic hypertension and should switch to decaffeinated coffee. D) No significant risks; she only needs to cut back if she becomes pregnant. Answer: D Page: 164 28. Which of the following is FALSE regarding caffeine? A) It is found in several over-the-counter drugs. B) Chronic users show evidence of tolerance and withdrawal. C) There is strong research linking consumption to coronary heart disease. D) It is a tasteless drug that in moderate amounts is relatively harmless to the CNS. Answer: C Page: 164 29. A drug commonly prescribed to hyperactive children that is sometimes abused is A) Ritalin. B) diazepam. C) Rohypnol. D) methaqualone. Answer: A Page: 166 30. Crystal methamphetamine is A) a relatively harmless form of methamphetamine used to help people stay awake. B) a medical treatment used for obesity and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. C) a pure form of methamphetamine that produces intense physical and psychological exhilaration. D) perhaps the strongest of the stimulant drugs. Answer: C Page: 165 31. The addictive effects of cocaine are A) life-threatening if a sudden withdrawal from the drug is attempted. B) slow to develop, except for intravenous users. C) only psychological, but very powerful. D) both psychological and physical. Answer: D Page: 166 32. The combination of cocaine hydrochloride with common baking soda is called A) crack. B) angel dust. C) freebasing. D) speedballing. Answer: A Page: 166 33. One of the biggest dangers of crack use is A) leukemia. B) flashbacks. C) a “bad trip.” D) heart failure. Answer: D Page: 163 (Table 7.1) 34. Freebasing is A) another term for making crack cocaine. B) dissolving cocaine in a liquid in order to inject it. C) a method of using solvents to concentrate cocaine. D) a term that describes smoking any type of cocaine. Answer: C Page: 166 35. Drugs that induce sleep and are often used in anesthesia are called A) hallucinogens. B) barbiturates. C) tranquilizers. D) inhalants. Answer: B Page: 167 36. Tranquilizers and barbiturates fit into which drug category? A) opiates B) stimulants C) depressants D) hallucinogens Answer: C Page: 167 37. All of the following are names for the “date rape” drug EXCEPT A) GHB. B) roofies C) liquid ecstasy. D) Sleepy R. Answer: D Page: 167 38. If your doctor prescribes a tranquilizer for you, her intention for the drug is to help you to A) relax. B) sleep. C) manage pain. D) recover from an injury. Answer: A Page: 167 39. Heavy use of hallucinogens is known to occasionally produce A) reproductive disorders. B) digestive disorders. C) flashbacks. D) cancers. Answer: C Page: 168 40. LSD is typically manufactured in A) home laboratories. B) rural South American villages. C) large offshore drug laboratories. D) Asian countries where its production is not illegal. Answer: A Page: 168 41. The effects of LSD last about A) a half hour. B) two to three hours. C) four to five hours. D) six to nine hours. Answer: D Page: 168 42. The main difference between designer drugs and drugs on the FDA’s list of controlled substances is A) their cost. B) their legal status. C) their effectiveness. D) the methods used to make them. Answer: B Page: 168 43. Designer drugs are A) chemically and psychoactively similar to controlled substances, but different enough to escape legal restrictions. B) prescription drugs that are combined with other substances for unique psychoactive effects. C) over-the-counter drugs that look like controlled substances. D) legal, over-the-counter medications that are misused. Answer: A Page: 168 44. Continued use of Ecstasy can result in A) possible dependence and brain damage. B) bizarre, irrational behavioral influences. C) a multiplied risk of heart attack or stroke. D) coma and death from respiratory depression. Answer: A Pages: 168-169 45. One of the unique dangers of PCP is that A) it is both physically and psychologically addictive. B) users lose complete touch with reality. C) users often attack those around them. D) it can cause birth defects. Answer: C Page: 169 46. The strength of marijuana’s hallucinogenic effects is determined by the amount of ___________ it contains. A) cannabis B) hashish C) opium D) THC Answer: D Page: 169 47. One of the common effects of marijuana use is A) bizarre perceptions. B) reduced attention span. C) imperviousness to pain. D) complete loss of touch with reality. Answer: B Pages: 169-170 48. Which of the following is FALSE regarding marijuana use? A) Marijuana use is associated with damage to the immune and reproductive systems. B) Those who use marijuana report cravings for particular foods. C) Marijuana use has the potential to impair short-term memory. D) The active ingredient in marijuana, THC, can be detected up to 90 days after use. Answer: D Pages: 169-170 49. Psychoactive drugs derived from the poppy plant are natural A) hallucinogens. B) tranquilizers. C) depressants. D) narcotics. Answer: D Page: 170 50. Which of the following is considered a quasisynthetic narcotic? A) heroin B) opium C) morphine D) hashish Answer: A Page: 170 51. A characteristic of major concern when using narcotics is A) the risk of sudden death. B) complete loss of touch with reality. C) the rapid development of physical dependence. D) their acceptance as relatively harmless painkillers. Answer: C Page: 170 52. The greatest danger in the use of inhalants is A) birth defects. B) respiratory and cardiovascular damage. C) physical dependence. D) immune system dysfunction. Answer: B Page: 171 53. Which of the following is NOT included in class of drugs known as inhalants? A) chloroform B) nitrous oxide C) propoxyphene D) amyl nitrite Answer: C Page: 171 54. John uses marijuana on a regular basis, but stopped a few days ago because he knows he will be tested for drugs as part of his job new. What can you tell John about his company’s drug screening test and its ability to detect marijuana? A) Marijuana can be detected up to 30 days after its use. B) Most traces of marijuana will be gone within a few days. C) Marijuana is one of the drugs most employers do not test for. D) Marijuana can be detected up to six months after its use. Answer: A Page: 183 55. Drug tests commonly search for all of the following EXCEPT A) barbiturates. B) hallucinogens. C) opiates. D) cannabinoids. Answer: B Pages: 182-183 56. One recently developed approach to convincing drug-dependent people to enter a treatment program is A) character assassination. B) avoidance. C) confrontation. D) chastisement. Answer: C Page: 184 57. According to your authors, what percentage of college students are drinkers? A) less than 25percent B) less than 80 percent C) over 80 percent D) between 85 and 95 percent Answer: B Page: 176 58. Binge drinking is defined as A) drinking to twice the level of legal intoxication. B) consuming three or more drinks in a two-hour period. C) drinking five or more drinks in one drinking occasion. D) consuming any number of drinks that brings you to legal intoxication. Answer: C Page: 177 59. During the week, Alicia studies hard, works out regularly, eats well, and gets plenty of sleep. She only drinks once or twice a week, at weekend parties, where she typically has five or six drinks each time. What kind of drinker is she? A) infrequent B) light C) moderate D) heavy Answer: D Page: 176 60. Moderate drinking for men is defined as no more than _________ drinks each day. A) six B) three C) four D) two Answer: D Page: 172 61. Which of the following is FALSE regarding binge drinking? A) There appears to be data that suggest many people begin binge drinking in college. B) Lower academic performance is highly associated with binge drinking. C) A strong predictor for binge drinking is living in a sorority or fraternity. D) Physical violence, including rape, is highly related with binge drinking. Answer: A Page: 177 62. The main problem with drinking games is that they encourage A) sexual assault. B) binge drinking. C) mixing alcoholic beverages. D) a loosening of sexual restraints. Answer: B Page: 177 63. Your friends challenge you to join in a drinking game. If you join in, it is MOST likely that you will A) put yourself at risk for injury and legal problems. B) find drinking games rather addicting. C) forget your other obligations. D) become physically sick. Answer: A Page: 177 64. It is possible for someone who has acute alcohol intoxication to have all of the following problems occur EXCEPT A) shock. B) tongue falling backwards and obstructing the airway. C) death. D) anxiety. Answer: D Page: 175 65. Where does the alcohol in beer and wine come from? It is A) a byproduct of yeast acting on carbohydrates. B) added during the final stage of production. C) emitted when the fruits or grains decay. D) a waste product of anaerobic bacteria. Answer: A Page: 172 66. A bottle of 90 proof whiskey is what percentage alcohol by volume? A) 9 B) 30 C) 45 D) 90 Answer: C Page: 172 67. Of the following groups, who has the highest drinking rate? A) American Indians B) Caucasians C) Alaskan Natives D) African Americans Answer: B Page: 176 68. As a class of drug, alcohol is considered a A) hallucinogen. B) depressant. C) stimulant. D) narcotic. Answer: B Page: 172 69. Jenna, a 150-pound woman, has challenged Tom, a 150-pound man, to a drinking contest. Jenna will probably become more intoxicated because A) her body will absorb the alcohol faster. B) women can’t hold liquor as well as men can. C) women tend to have smaller stomachs than same-sized men do. D) men tend to develop more tolerance for alcohol than women do. Answer: A Page: 173 70. Why does eating a meal before drinking reduce the effects of alcohol? A) A full stomach reduces the drinker’s capacity for alcohol. B) Some alcohol bonds to carbohydrate molecules in food, rendering the alcohol inert. C) Food substances oxidize some of the alcohol before it is absorbed into the bloodstream. D) Food competes with the alcohol for absorption into the bloodstream slowing the rate at which alcohol is absorbed. Answer: D Page: 172 71. All of the following factors influence the absorption of alcohol. Which one CANNOT be modified by the user? A) strength of the beverage B) body chemistry C) speed of consumption D) presence of food Answer: B Pages: 172-173 72. Most of the alcohol that you drink is removed from your body by the process of A) respiration. B) defecation. C) oxidation. D) urination. Answer: C Page: 175 73. Jamie has become very drunk at a party. What can his friends do to help him walk home? A) Give him something to eat. B) Make him take a cool shower. C) Give him caffeinated beverages. D) Wait for the effects of the alcohol to wear off. Answer: D Page: 175 74. Corey has passed out on the couch after participating in a drinking contest. His friends cannot wake him. What should they do? A) Seek emergency medical help. B) Remove him to a safe place to sleep. C) Do not attempt to move him until he wakes. D) Help him to regurgitate the alcohol still in his stomach. Answer: A Page: 175 75. Acute alcohol intoxication should be suspected in an individual if his A) speech and motor coordination is impaired. B) pulse is rather strong and rapid. C) breathing is deep and regular. D) skin is clammy and bluish. Answer: D Page: 175 76. You suspect your unconscious friend has acute alcohol intoxication. After you call 911, you should A) try to get him into a shower. B) sit by your friend until help comes. C) position your friend on his side. D) try to give him something to drink, like coffee. Answer: C Page: 175 77. Which of the following characterizes fetal alcohol syndrome? A) children born addicted to alcohol B) children born with detectable levels of alcohol in their blood C) newborn children who are unable to move their arms or legs D) children born with congenital damage attributable to the mother’s use of alcohol Answer: D Page: 178 78. Which of the following BEST describes the connection between drinking and common types of fatal accidents in the United States? A) Accidental deaths are caused by alcohol abuse. B) An alcohol-related car crash fatality occurs every two minutes. C) Alcohol abusers are twice as likely to kill as to be killed in accidents. D) There is s a strong statistical connection between alcohol use and the leading causes of accidental deaths in the United States. Answer: D Page: 180 79. The purpose of zero-tolerance laws is to A) discourage driving by underage drinkers. B) stiffen penalties for second-time drunken drivers. C) permanently restrict privileges for anyone convicted of drunken driving. D) discourage people from driving if they have drunk any quantity of alcohol. Answer: A Page: 180 80. Which of the following is TRUE regarding alcohol and violent crimes? A) People who commit violent crimes have the same alcohol problems as the general public. B) Alcohol use has not been connected to the incidents of violent crimes in the United States. C) Alcohol use has been reported in more than 50 percent of all homicides. D) Alcohol use is associated with less than 10 percent of all rape situations. Answer: C Page: 180 81. Which of the following is FALSE regarding alcohol use and suicides? Alcohol use is A) involved with 30 percent of completed suicides. B) associated with impulsive suicides. C) involved with more violent and lethal means of suicide. D) associated with premeditated suicides. Answer: D Page: 180 82. Which of the following is one way in which problem drinking differs from alcoholism? A) Problem drinking has a major impact on the lives of others close to the drinker. B) The problem drinker sometimes has blackouts from drinking. C) The problem drinker does not drink to maintain normal body function. D) The problem drinker usually drinks alone. Answer: C Page: 178 83. Problem drinking is characterized by A) tolerance symptoms when alcohol is taken away. B) dependence on alcohol to function normally. C) personal difficulties from alcohol use. D) daily drinking habits. Answer: C Page: 178 84. An inability to remember events that occurred during a period of alcohol use is called a A) stupor. B) blackout. C) dream state. D) delirium tremens. Answer: B Page: 222 85. Alcoholics drink A) for the pleasurable effects of alcohol. B) because they have been taught to do so by family and friends. C) so that they can find social acceptability within certain groups of people. D) to escape the stress and pain in their lives. Answer: D Page: 178 86. Jose has uncontrollable shakes, nausea, and vomiting when he does not drink. He would be classified as A) a problem drinker. B) a situational drinker. C) alcohol dependent. D) a binge drinker. Answer: C Page: 178 87. Which of the following statements about heredity and alcoholism is TRUE? A) Hereditary factors can either increase or decrease people’s risk of becoming an alcoholic. B) In rare cases, hereditary factors can make someone alcoholic from birth. C) Alcoholism is caused entirely by heredity. D) There is no proven link between heredity and alcoholism. Answer: A Page: 173 88. Seventy-five-year-old Bernice is angry at her children, who recently forced her to seek treatment for her alcoholism. Her treatment will not succeed until she admits that A) alcohol is dangerous. B) her children love her. C) she can no longer live alone. D) she is powerless over alcohol. Answer: D Page: 184 89. The best description of enabling is any behavior that A) protects the alcoholic from discovery by those not close to him. B) supports the alcoholic to continue abusing alcohol. C) denies that the alcoholic has a problem. D) encourages the alcoholic to drink. Answer: B Page: 160 90. Neda has a drinking problem and tells herself she can stop whenever she wants. Her attempts to convince herself that she does not have a problem with alcohol is termed A) enabling. B) synergy. C) transference. D) denial. Answer: D Pages: 178, 184 91. The term that describes the relationship between alcoholics and their enablers is A) denial. B) synergism. C) dual addiction. D) codependence. Answer: D Page: 160 92. Which of the following is FALSE regarding Alcoholics Anonymous? A) It is a voluntary support group of recovering alcoholics. B) It encourages its members to turn their lives over to a higher power. C) It will support anyone with a problem caused by alcohol. D) It encourages a judgmental approach as a way of helping others see their behaviors. Answer: D Page: 184 93. Alcoholics Anonymous and Rational Recovery are examples of A) support groups for alcoholics or their families. B) ineffective treatment strategies for alcoholism. C) religious therapies for alcoholics. D) alcoholism treatment programs. Answer: A Pages: 173, 184 94. Naltrexone is A) a depressant used in the treatment of delirium tremens for recovering alcoholics. B) a prescription drug that makes people sick when they drink alcohol. C) a prescription drug that reduces the craving for alcohol. D) an enzyme that helps the body to metabolize alcohol. Answer: C Page: 183 True/False 95. The best way to avoid the immense cost of drug abuse is simply to increase the demand. Answer: False Page: 181 96. Most addictions, whether to drugs or to other behaviors, develop in the same basic pattern. Answer: True Pages: 159-160 97. Psychoactive drugs have the potential for only physical dependence. Answer: False Pages: 161-162 98. Tolerance is when an individual needs a larger dose of a drug to receive previously felt sensations. Answer: True Page: 162 99. Dependence is one of the major risks of all psychoactive drugs. Answer: True Page: 162 100. The term drug abuse cannot be applied to improper use of a drug for which you have a prescription. Answer: False Page: 161 101. There is some connection between personality and susceptibility to drug abuse. Answer: True Page: 160 102. A synergistic effect occurs when two or more drugs taken together reduce each other’s effects. Answer: False Page: 171 103. Most stimulants are unlikely to produce strong physical dependence. Answer: True Page: 164 104. Caffeine, even in moderate amounts, has been proven to cause heart damage. Answer: False Page: 164 105. Caffeine is capable of inducing physical dependence. Answer: True Page: 164 106. There is no natural source for amphetamines. Answer: True Page: 165 107. Chronic use of methamphetamine will not produce psychological dependence. Answer: False Page: 166 108. Cocaine is perhaps the weakest of the stimulant drugs. Answer: False Page: 166 109. The effect of smoking crack is almost instantaneous. Answer: True Page: 167 110. Barbiturates and tranquilizers are two common types of depressants. Answer: True Page: 167 111. In medical use, barbiturates are designed to relax the patient, while tranquilizers are designed to induce sleep. Answer: False Page: 167 112. The hallucinogen LSD is a derivative of mescaline. Answer: False Page: 168 113. LSD users do not develop a physical dependence on the drug. Answer: True Page: 168 114. PCP use is marked by paranoia and aggressive behavior. Answer: True Page: 169 115. PCP is typically manufactured in home laboratories. Answer: True Page: 169 116. Marijuana produces mild effects like those of stimulants and depressants. Answer: True Page: 169 117. Marijuana’s active ingredient is excreted from the body in a few hours. Answer: False Page: 169 118. Quasisynthetic narcotics are created by chemically altering morphine. Answer: True Page: 170 119. Unlike the dependency that can be produced by drugs, process addictions do not generally cause financial, emotional, or social problems. Answer: False Page: 159 120. Drinking alcohol reduces most people’s natural inhibitions. Answer: True Pages: 163, 172, 174, 176, 177 121. A bottle of 90 proof whisky is 45 percent alcohol. Answer: True Page: 172 122. Your peak blood alcohol level can be five times higher on an empty stomach than it is on a full stomach. Answer: False Page: 172 123. Women generally become drunk more quickly than men. Answer: True Page: 173 124. The speed of consumption has little, if any, effect on blood alcohol concentration. Answer: False Page: 172 125. One way your body protects itself from alcohol poisoning is to cause you to vomit when you drink too much. Answer: True Page: 175 126. Alcohol consumed by a pregnant woman cannot cross the placental barrier to affect the fetus. Answer: False Page: 178 127. A sign that someone has alcohol poisoning is a weak and rapid pulse. Answer: True Page: 175 128. Motor vehicle collisions, falls, drownings, and fires are connected to alcohol use. Answer: True Page: 180 129. Alcohol is a factor in over half of all cases of murder and rape. Answer: True Page: 180 130. Although alcohol abuse appears to increase the likelihood of murder, it does not appear to increase the likelihood of suicide. Answer: False Page: 180 131. A so-called problem drinker has many of the same troubles that alcoholics have without the physical dependency. Answer: True Page: 179 132. Delirium tremens occur when an alcoholic does not drink. Answer: True Page: 178 133. One way to slow the absorption of alcohol into the blood stream is to eat a full meal before drinking. Answer: True Page: 172 134. About half of all Far East Asians cannot tolerate even small amounts of alcohol. Answer: True Page: 173 135. Research indicates that there is no link between heredity and alcoholism. Answer: False Page: 173 136. Denial is common among alcoholics. Answer: True Page: 178 137. Enabling occurs when people close to the alcoholic inadvertently protect the drinking behavior. Answer: True Page: 160 138. Codependence and enabling seldom occur together. Answer: False Page: 160 139. Medical treatments for alcoholism focus on reducing the craving for alcohol. Answer: True Page: 183 Essay 140. Compare the similarities and differences between drug abuse and drug misuse. Answer: Both refer to the inappropriate use of drugs, and both can be damaging to health. Misuse, however, refers to inappropriate medicinal use of a legal drug, while abuse refers to any use of any drug in a way that damages health. Page: 161 141. Describe the impact of psychoactive drugs on nervous system function. Answer: Environmental stimuli are collected by various receptors, converted to electrical impulses, and conducted to the brain through nerves. The electrical impulses are transmitted between nerve cells by the activity of chemical neurotransmitters. Psychoactive drugs disrupt the activity of these neurotransmitters. Pages: 161-162 142. Describe the process of addiction. Answer: Addictive behavior seems to have three common aspects that include: 1) exposure whereby an individual is exposed to a drug or behavior that he or she finds pleasurable. The initial pleasure becomes a focal point in their lives. 2) compulsion that occurs when increasingly more energy, time, and money are spent pursuing the drug or behavior. During this aspect, an individual’s “normal” life begins to degrade while he or she searches for increased pleasure from the drug or behavior. 3) loss of control that occurs when the search for highs changes to a desire to avoid the withdrawal from the drug or behavior and, as a result, the individual loses the ability to control his or her behavior. Pages: 159-160 143. Compare and contrast stimulants and depressants. Answer: Stimulants generally increase the activity of the central nervous system and increase such functions as heart rate, blood pressure, and brain activity. Depressants have the opposite effect on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Stimulants tend to be psychologically addictive but not physically addictive, while depressants are generally both. Both types of drugs can be dangerous and even lethal when abused. Pages: 163-167 144. What is the main purpose of binge drinking? Explain why binge drinking is dangerous. Answer: The main problem is that the purpose of binge drinking is to get drunk. When drunkenness occurs, risks of accidental death or injury increase, as do risks of sexual assault and out-of-control behavior. Also damaging, although less dangerous, are the social errors people commit when drunk. A continued pattern of binge drinking can lead to substandard performance at school or on the job. Page: 176-177 145. Explain why hot coffee, a brisk walk, or a cold shower are ineffective ways to sober up. Answer: The body removes alcohol from the bloodstream by oxidizing it; this process occurs at a constant rate and can’t be speeded up or slowed down. Coffee drinking or stimulating activities can raise the heart rate and increase blood flow to the extremities, but the alcohol remains in the system. Page: 175 146. List the signs of acute alcohol intoxication and how you would cope with this event. Answer: When an individual has been drinking heavily, you should look for signs that the individual cannot be aroused; has a weak, rapid pulse; has an unusual or irregular breathing pattern; or has cool or possibly damp, pale, or bluish skin. Coping with this emergency should include immediately calling 911 and positioning the individual on his side to prevent choking in the likelihood of vomiting. Page: 175 147. List practical strategies related to drinking responsibly. Answer: Don’t make getting drunk the goal, or drinking the focus of your activity. Eat food before drinking. Set a limit on the number of drinks you will consume. Limit alcoholic drinks to one an hour, and drink water or soda in between. Don’t use alcohol to manage your feelings such as stress, boredom, anger, or loneliness. When going to a party or bar, have a designated driver. Don’t leave your drinks unattended. Page: 182