Ch9-10 Vol3

PSYC1002 – Case-Based Questions Exam 1: Chapters 0, 9, & 10 Ch. 9 - Intelligence & Psychological Testing Vasia is a visible minority student in her last year in of her undergraduate degree. She maintains a very high GPA, and a lot of her personal identity is bound up in her school performance. Vasia decides to take an IQ test, and her score of 85 is significantly lower than she expected. Vasia is devastated by this result. 1. Because Vasia is in her last year of undergrad, she is considering her future career options and is researching graduate schools to apply to. How are Vasia’s choices most likely going to be affected after she receives her IQ test score? A. Vasia’s choices will not be affected. B. Vasia will apply to more prestigious schools. C. Vasia will apply to less prestigious schools. D. Vasia’s choices will not be affected, but the schools are more likely to reject her application. ANSWER: C 2. Considering the fact that she is a visible minority, how is Vasia’s score likely to affect her? A. She will not be particularly affected by the IQ score. B. She will worry about how others will perceive her and the ethnic minority she belongs to. C. She will reject the IQ test results altogether. D. She will engage in self-stigmatizing behaviour. ANSWER: D 3. Vasia has an identical twin who was adopted by a rich and well-educated family shortly after birth and was raised in an enriched environment. Vasia’s IQ is most likely to be __________ than the identical twin’s IQ. The difference between Vasia’s IQ and her twin’s IQ are best explained by _________. A. lower; reaction range B. higher; reaction range C. lower; proactive interference D. higher; proactive interference ANSWER: A 4. Exactly how different is Vasia’s IQ from the “norm”? A. Significantly lower B. 1 S.D. lower C. 1.5 S.D. lower D. 0 S.D.; it is within the error limits of IQ tests ANSWER: B Sophie works for Buzzfeed. Her job requires her to create at least 10 new online quizzes per week. Sophie is tired of people belittling her work and is using her knowledge of psychology to compose quizzes of high quality and standards that could even be compared to the psychological tests she reads about in her textbooks. 1. Sophie creates a quiz that assesses a user’s numerical ability potential and assigns them a Disney character based on their score. This quiz can be compared to a(n) ____________. A. intelligence test B. aptitude test C. achievement test D. personality test ANSWER: B 2. Sophie tries her hardest to ensure her quizzes are standardized. This means ____________. A. all users get the same instructions, questions, and time limit B. the results are compared with data from Canada’s national statistical agency C. she incorporates psychological concepts in her quizzes D. she gets ethics approval and debriefs the users after they have completed the quiz ANSWER: A 3. Sophie is proud of the fact that the results of her quizzes are reliable. This means that if you take her quiz named “Find out how adventurous you are based on your favourite movie quotes”, then _____________. A. your quiz result would be positively correlated with how often you often you watch your favourite movie B. the questions on the quiz are a logical representation of the domain they measure C. you will get the same results, no matter how many times you take the quiz D. the results of the quiz would correctly predict how adventurous you are ANSWER: C 4. Sophie develops a quiz to test a user’s knowledge of Harry Potter trivia. This is an example of a(n) ____________. A. intelligence test B. aptitude test C. achievement test D. personality test ANSWER: C 5. Sophie develops a quiz to test a user’s knowledge of Harry Potter trivia. One day, you take the quiz and after you’re done you get the following message: “Congrats! You are a true Potterhead. Your scores are at the 90th percentile!” This means _______________. A. you answered 90% of the questions correctly B. you scored higher than 90% of the others who have taken the quiz C. you know more about Harry Potter than 90% of the general population D. the probability that your score is due to chance is 10% ANSWER: B 6. Sophie is developing a quiz she hopes will accurately make inferences about a user’s level of extraversion. She consults research done in the field of extraversion and includes questions about personality traits that are strongly related to extraversion (such as sociability). Sophie wants to ensure that her quiz has strong _______________. A. internal validity B. content validity C. criterion-related validity D. construct validity ANSWER: D 7. Sophie creates a quiz called “Choose six breakfast carb options and I’ll guess whether or not you’re a good driver”. In order for this quiz to have high criterion-related validity, __________________. A. a user should be able to take it multiple times and still get the same results B. a user who gets a “good driver” result will never have received a speeding ticket C. Sophie should include more questions about driving instead of about breakfast carbs D. Sophie should include a driving simulation game in her quiz ANSWER: B Sarah is the mother of seven-year-old Adam. She often brags that her son has the mental abilities typical of a 14-year-old. Sarah is so certain of Adam’s high intellect that she is trying to read as she can about intelligence because she hopes to help her son reach his full potential. 1. Sarah is trying to calculate Adam’s IQ according to Stern’s formula. She concludes that Adam has an IQ of ______________. A. 2 B. 100 C. 140 D. 200 ANSWER: D 2. Sarah was reading a book about Galton’s theory of intelligence and she became transfixed. What would Galton attribute Adam’s intelligence to? A. Adam was brought up in an enriched environment and had access to superior schooling. B. Adam’s parents also have above average intelligence and it is in his genes. C. A combination of genetics and enriched environment working together. D. Generational changes have increased his performance in IQ test (i.e., the Flynn effect). ANSWER: B 3. Sarah is in fact correct about Adam’s intelligence, and he is identified as a profoundly gifted child. Based on this, it is expected that Adam will _________________. A. be introverted, socially isolated, and face interpersonal and emotional problems B. exhibit better-than-average emotional stability and mental health C. experience great social satisfaction and maturity throughout his adult years D. show signs of social anxiety, but only towards members of the opposite sex ANSWER: A 4. Adam is identified as a gifted child. Based on this what would you expect of Adam when he reaches adulthood? A. To achieve recognition for genius-level contributions in his field B. To have extremely high levels of motivation, creativity and intelligence C. To achieve eminence and make enduring contributions in his field D. To have above-average, but not quite genius, levels of accomplishment ANSWER: D 5. According to the drudge theory, what would it take for Adam to achieve exceptional achievement in adulthood? A. A combination of great effort and innate talent B. Enriched and stimulating environment growing up C. Great innate talent and genetic predisposition D. Strenuous effort and single-minded commitment ANSWER: D 6. Adam’s IQ at this age is relatively ______ and a _____ predictor of his IQ at age 18. A. unstable; bad B. stable; bad C. unstable; good D. stable; good ANSWER: D Scott recently took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale test and achieved a score of 115. Scott was proud of his score, until his friend Jordan tells him that intelligence tests are unreliable and have very poor validity. 1. Scott’s IQ test score is _____ the mean, so Scott falls into the ____ percentile. A. 1 standard deviation above; 84th B. 1 standard deviation below; 50th C. 1 standard deviation above; 50th D. 1 standard deviation below; 84th ANSWER: A 2. Based on Scott’s IQ test score, we can assume ________________. A. he answered 115 questions correctly on his test B. he answered 15% more questions correct than the average test-taker C. he has 115 “units” of intelligence D. he scored in the top 15% in the normal distribution of intelligence ANSWER: D 3. Based on Scott’s IQ test score we can assume he has a(n) ________ mental classification. A. average B. high-average C. superior D. gifted ANSWER: B 4. What can Scott do to convince Jordan that the WAIS test he took is reliable? A. Point out he has a very high GPA score in university. B. Take a different type of IQ test and end up with similar results. C. Retake the WAIS test and end up with similar results. D. Point out all his great achievements in life in an area other than academics. ANSWER: C 5. What would you expect of Scott if Jordan is wrong and IQ tests indeed have high validity? A. He will exhibit rational thinking and effective decision-making. B. He will get good grades and exhibit academic excellence. C. He will get the same IQ score regardless of how many times he takes the test. D. He will exhibit high practical, social, and verbal intelligence. ANSWER: B 6. Scott and Adam get into a fight about whether or not IQ tests are reliable and valid and open up their psychology notes to settle their argument. According to your textbook, ______________. A. IQ tests have high reliability and validity under all circumstances B. IQ tests are reliable, but not valid C. IQ tests are always reliable, but are only valid under certain specifications D. IQ tests are neither reliable nor valid ANSWER: C 7. Scott is trying to prove to Jordan that IQ tests are important. He mentions that IQ test scores have a _____ correlation with occupational attainment and a ____ correlation with job performance. A. strong positive; strong positive B. moderate positive; strong positive C. strong positive; moderate positive D. moderate positive; moderate positive ANSWER: D Andrea is a sculptor and is constantly trying to perfect her craft. Andrea’s sister Kirsten is a biologist who takes pride in being an avid bird watcher and being able to differentiate between more than 500 species of birds. 1. Andrea has been in a creative rut for the past few months. What could she do to enhance her creativity? A. Go on a cruise to the Mediterranean and visit as many countries as she can. B. Live in a foreign country for a few months and adapt to the local culture. C. Go hiking in local parks every weekend to get inspired by nature. D. Read as many biographies about famous foreign artists as she can. ANSWER: B 2. Based on Andrea’s and Kirsten’s professions, we can infer that ____________-. A. Andrea is 40% more likely to develop depression B. Kirsten is 40% more likely to develop depression C. Both sisters are equally likely to develop depression D. The sister with the higher IQ is 40% more likely to develop depression, regardless of her profession ANSWER: A 3. Based on Andrea’s profession, we can infer she has high _____ intelligence and Kirsten has high ___ intelligence. A. artistic; naturalistic B. spatial; logical-mathematical C. spatial; naturalistic D. artistic; logical-mathematical ANSWER: C 4. Andrea is proud that she has a clear understanding of her own emotions as well as her strengths and weaknesses. However, she does not always understand or respond appropriately to other people’s moods and temperament. Andrea has _____ interpersonal and _____ intrapersonal intelligence. A. high; high B. high; low C. low; low D. low; high ANSWER: D 5. Kirsten is taking a test on ornithology (the science and study of birds) that consists of 180 multiple choice questions. Kirsten is using convergent thinking to maximize her efforts. This means that Kirsten is trying to ________________. A. eliminate the incorrect options until she hits the correct one B. come up with the correct answer before she sees the options C. come up with a reasoning on why the option she chose is correct D. come up with a reasoning on why the options she didn’t choose are wrong ANSWER: A Ch. 10 - Motivation and Emotion Adrian and Kevin are 24-year-old twins who are both obese. Adrian has been in a committed, long-term relationship for almost two years. Adrian and his girlfriend moved in together a few months ago, and now that they have settled into their new place and new living arrangements, Adrian is looking for a new challenge. So, he decides to start training for a triathlon. Kevin has recently been putting in a lot of overtime at work (and has sacrificed his social life to do so), but this extra time is paying off because he’s in line for a promotion. He typically spends 10-12 hours a day at the office, six days a week, and will sometimes have dinner with his co-workers, who have become his good friends. Even though Kevin doesn’t have much of a life outside of work, he feels like he makes an important contribution and is a valued member of the team. 1. Based on the relationships between genetics and BMI, which of the following scenarios is most likely? A. Adrian and Kevin attended different elementary and secondary schools. B. Adrian and Kevin are fraternal twins reared apart. C. Adrian and Kevin have 1 obese parent. D. Adrian and Kevin have 0 obese parents. ANSWER: C 2. Imagine that in June 2016, Adrian and Kevin are the exact same weight. However, Adrian loses weight while training for his triathlon in June 2017, while Kevin’s weight remains the same. Which of the following is mostly likely to be true for the twins in June 2017? A. Kevin will have more adipose cells than Adrian. B. Adrian is more likely to be a restrained eater. C. Kevin will have a set point, but Adrian will have a settling point. D. Adrian’s settling point will be lower than Kevin’s settling point. ANSWER: D 3. As Adrian begins triathlon training and starts exercising more regularly, even though he is eating the same amount as before, he finds that he is often hungrier than he used to be. This is most likely because ___________. A. the glucose receptors in his brain and liver are signalling that he has low blood sugar B. his stomach is contracting due to the added exercise C. his body is releasing less leptin protein now that he is losing weight D. his body is releasing less ghrelin protein now that his is losing weight ANSWER: A 4. Considering what you know about Adrian and Kevin, if both were told by their doctors that they should begin a low-calorie diet at the beginning of the next week, it is likely that ______________. A. Adrian would binge eat before next Monday B. Kevin would binge eat before next Monday C. neither would binge eat before next Monday D. both would binge before next Monday ANSWER: C 5. Previously, you were told Adrian decided to start training for a triathlon on his own. What if, instead, he only began training for a triathlon because his friend bet him $500 he would never finish one. Originally, he had a _________ to train for a triathlon, and if his friend bets him money, he would instead have a _______ to train for a triathlon. A. motive; drive B. drive; incentive C. incentive; drive D. motive; incentive ANSWER: B 6. Based on the case study, Adrian’s motivation to train for the triathlon is considered ___________. A. intrinsic, biological motivation B. extrinsic, biological motivation C. extrinsic, social motivation D. intrinsic, social motivation ANSWER: D Emil and Nicola were recently set up on a blind date by a mutual friend who knows they both love to rock climb. After a successful first date, they decide to go to a climbing gym for their second date. Nicola begins to climb a challenging part of the rock wall, while Emil is on the ground, making sure that the ropes in her harness are tight so even if she does let go of the wall, she will not fall very far. As Nicola is approaching the top of the high wall, a celebration for another climber’s triumph on another wall of the gym startles both Nicola and Emil. Nicola slips off the wall and falls 3 metres before Emil tightens the ropes to catch her. Even though it wasn’t a close call, it was a stressful situation for both of them. So, when Nicola gets to the ground safely, Emil apologizes for being distracted and gives her a big hug. 1. One theory of emotion proposes that a stimulus produces arousal and that arousal produces emotion. If this is the case, then once she is back on the ground, Nicola is least likely to feel _____________. A. scared B. excited C. sad D. worried ANSWER: C 2. “If Nicola feels like the experience was thrilling, then she will be more likely to accept another date with Emil.” This sentence indicates that Nicola’s ________ will be affected by her ________. A. cognitive reaction to the situation; behaviour B. behaviour; emotional response C. physiological arousal; behaviour D. cognitive reaction to the situation; physiological arousal ANSWER: B 3. According to the results of the Capilano Bridge Experiment, it is most likely that after this incident, Nicola and Emil will each perceive the other as being _______ to them than before. A. more interesting B. more attractive C. less competent D. less emotional ANSWER: B 4. If Nicola feels as though the experience was thrilling, but is surprised to find herself crying involuntarily, then her emotional experience was dictated by her _________ and not her _________. A. cognitive label; behaviour B. behaviour; cognitive label C. behaviour; physiological arousal D. physiological arousal; behaviour ANSWER: A 5. According to the Schacter & Singer theory of emotion, because this event is happening while listening to others celebrate, once Nicola is back on the ground ______________. A. Nicola is more likely to laugh. B. Nicola is more likely to cry. C. both Nicola and Emil are more likely to laugh. D. Emil is more likely to laugh only if Nicola is laughing. ANSWER: C 6. Even though Emil was terrified throughout the incident and his legs are shaky afterwards, he puts on a smile and outwardly pretends to have found it exciting. His behaviour doesn’t match his emotion because of his _________________. A. cultural display rules B. social conscience C. social desirability D. biological motives ANSWER: A Andreas and Siobhan are the newest employees at an electronics retail store. They are both good employees, but for very different reasons. Siobhan interacts very well with the customers and she loves the feeling she gets when she knows her customers are leaving the store happy. She puts a lot of effort into making sure the customer has all their questions answered (even if she has to ask a colleague for the answer to a question she doesn’t know). Her sales totals aren’t always high, and her product knowledge isn’t the most complete, but she has received lots of compliments on her service and many customers have recommended the store and her service to their friends. Andreas knows a lot about electronics, but he tends to be more reserved when interacting with customers. When customers are having trouble with a company product, he is amazing at troubleshooting. His dream is to work in the corporate head office, so he has put a lot of effort into product knowledge. He knows that if he works hard on the front-line, he has a good chance of being promoted relatively quickly. 1. When considering motivation, _____________ motives are primarily social. A. Siobhan’s B. Andreas’ C. both Andreas and Siobhan’s D. neither Andreas nor Siobhan’s ANSWER: C 2. Siobhan’s desire to help others is considered a ____________. A. need for affiliation B. behavioural need C. intrinsic motive D. sympathetic motive ANSWER: A 3. After a year of working at the store, a job posting appears for a position in the head office. Andreas is minimally qualified for the position, but each time he sits down to write his cover letter for the application, he ends up finding another task to do instead. This is likely because Andreas is __________. A. worried he isn’t qualified B. afraid he won’t get the job C. unsure of whether or not he should apply D. nervous about the application process ANSWER: B 4. Siobhan wants to raise her sales totals. According to Brian Little’s “Personal Projects”, what should she do? A. Set the goal to sell more. B. Tell her coworkers about her goal to sell more C. Determine a start date and a timeline for her end goal D. Write down her goal ANSWER: D 5. The store decides to begin paying employees based on commission (i.e., their salary is based on their sales totals). This will likely ___________ Siobhan’s motivation. A. not affect B. increase C. decrease D. only slightly increase ANSWER: C