Transcript
Laboratory Safety
BIOL 1013 - Lab 1
center183515Objectives:
Learn the safety rules for working in the biology laboratory.
Identify typical laboratory equipment.
Complete the safety quiz and the commitment to safety.
00Objectives:
Learn the safety rules for working in the biology laboratory.
Identify typical laboratory equipment.
Complete the safety quiz and the commitment to safety.
Background:
The biology laboratory with its equipment, glassware, and chemicals has the potential for accidents to occur. In order to minimize and avoid accidents, each student must take precautions to protect everyone in the laboratory.
You must always:
Properly prepare for experimental procedures.
Listen carefully to the instructor.
Follow rules for handling chemicals safely.
Carry out only approved procedures.
Be aware of safety rules and emergency measures.
Experimental Procedures:
Preparing for the Laboratory
Pre-read: Before you come to the lab, read the discussion and directions for the experiment. If you have a question, ask your instructor to clarify the procedure.
Do assigned work only: No unauthorized experiments are to be carried out in the laboratory.
Do not work alone in the lab.
Safety awareness: Learn the location and use of the emergency eyewash fountains, emergency shower, fire blanket, fire extinguishers and exits. Be aware of other students in the lab carrying chemicals to their lab tables. Do not use chipped or cracked glassware.
Dress appropriately:
All students must wear safety goggles when chemicals are being used in the lab.
Contact lenses alone are dangerous because splashed chemicals make them difficult to remove. If chemicals accumulate under a lens, permanent eye damage can occur. If you choose to wear contact lens, notify the instructor. Lens wearers will be asked to sign a waiver indicating that you are aware of these concerns but are making a personal choice to wear the lenses in the lab.
Chemical splashes can damage clothing so in general you should wear old clothes.
Choose clothes for safety. Wear long pants. No shorts allowed. Do not wear ties, scarves, or loose fitting sleeves and long hair should be tied back. Wear shoes that protect your feet – no thongs or sandals.
If you are uncomfortable with any procedure, ask about the safety of the procedure.
Prepare your work area: Clear the work area of all your personal items. Do not place book bags or items in the floor where they might cause someone to trip while carrying chemicals or equipment.
Safety during lab (some of these are not directly applicable to your labs this semester)
Avoid accidentally ingesting, inhaling or absorbing substances in the lab: do not eat or drink in the lab. Do not touch or taste any chemical or solution. Do not pipette by mouth. Wash hands whenever your hands touch anything involved in the preparation of the lab.
Pipetting: When inserting a pipet into a pump, grasp the tube close to the end being inserted and twist slowly to avoid breaking the pipet and to prevent injury.
Heating substances:
Never leave Bunsen burners unattended.
Always handle heated materials with tongs.
Never heat a closed container.
Heat only heat resistant glassware (marked Pyrex or Kimax).
Handling Chemicals Safely
Check labels twice. Be sure you are using the correct chemical.
Label all tubes.
Use small amounts of chemicals.
Do not return chemicals to the original containers.
Do not shake laboratory thermometers.
All spills should be cleaned up immediately. Small spills may be absorbed into a paper towel and disposed of in the trash. Wash and dry the spill area. For large spills call the instructor immediately. Mercury spills require special attention. Notify your instructor for proper clean-up procedures.
Broken glass should be cleaned up immediately and disposed of in the glass disposal container.
Dispose of chemicals according to your instructor’s instructions.
Never remove any chemical from the laboratory.
To test for odors, hold the container an arm length away from your face, remove the cap and with your hand wave some of the odors in your direction.
Do not point the open end of a test tube at yourself or at anyone else.
When mixing acids with water, always add the acid to the water not vice versa.
Be aware of your surroundings.
Personal Injury:
Don’t panic – Notify your instructor immediately.
In case of a chemical splash into the eye, use the emergency eye wash station. Force yourself to hold your eyes open. If you are wearing contacts, remove them after an initial wash and then continue washing until the irritation subsides (at least 10-15 minutes).
In case of a chemical splash or spill on your hands, arms, legs or clothing: wash quickly and thoroughly at the sink with lots of soap and water. For a large spill or splash covering much of the body, use the safety shower. Remove clothing if necessary.
For minor burns, immediately apply soft ice from the ice machine to withdraw the heat.
For cuts and scratches, contact your instructor immediately. You should not work in the lab with an open wound.
Fires:
Small fires can be extinguished by covering them with a clean empty beaker.
If a larger fire is involved, use a fire extinguisher to douse the flames. Do not direct a fire extinguisher at other people in the lab.
If someone else’s clothing or hair catch on fire, get them to the floor and roll them into a fire blanket. They may also be placed under the safety shower to extinguish flames.
Corroborating Claims
BIOL 1013 – Lab 2
1168400107315Objectives
Develop a working knowledge of peer-review and reputable journals
Apply knowledge of PubMed to critically evaluate the claims of a health product.
00Objectives
Develop a working knowledge of peer-review and reputable journals
Apply knowledge of PubMed to critically evaluate the claims of a health product.
Background:
Scientific literature is divided into two basic categories: primary and secondary. A Primary Source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time of study and is the result of original scientific research or observation. Types of primary sources include:
Scholarly Journal Articles: an article reporting new and original research or findings written by the original researcher.
Original documents: diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records
Creative works: poetry, drama, novels, music, art
Relics or artifacts: furniture, clothing, buildings
Secondary scientific literature, or documents from a Secondary Source, interprets or analyzes primary source. They are usually 1-2 steps removed from the original research. Often, secondary sources have quotes or images from the primary source. Types of secondary sources include textbooks, encyclopedias, and newspaper articles.
Not all primary sources are reputable. In order to maintain standards of quality of work and credibility in a given field, reputable journals employ a system of peer review. Peer review is the evaluation of work by two or more people of similar competence and knowledge as the individuals who produced the work.
Reputable primary sources can be found in specialized databases that include scholarly publications. For access to scholarly journal articles about health and medicine, nursing, audiology, and biology, the best online database is PubMed (pubmed.org). PubMed was first released in January 1996. For the month of June 1997, approximately two million searches occurred; current usage typically exceeds three million searches per day. Other excellent science-related databases include Scopus (science, technology, medicine, social sciences, and arts & humanities) and Web of Science (the sciences, social sciences, arts & humanities).
Importantly, while PubMed is one of the best places to get primary literature of peer-reviewed studies, it also contains case reports and reviews. Case reports a report of a single case of a disease or phenomenon. While they are classified at primary literature, they do not represent a trustable, repeatable experiment that contains conclusions applicable to the human population at large. Reviews are a summary of literature which has been published in the past, and are secondary sources.
