Transcript
Natural Hazards
Internal Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
1) Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the Earth from inside to outside?
A) inner core, outer core, crust, mantle
B) inner core, mantle, outer core, crust
C) crust, inner core, outer core, mantle
D) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
E) mantle, inner core, crust, outer core
Answer: D
2) Which of the following best describes the internal structure of the earth?
A) An orange, it has a thin peel with a solid, but watery inside
B) A bowling ball, it is completely solid all the way through
C) An egg, it is solid at the core, surrounded by liquid and then a hard outer shell
D) A geode, it is hollow at the center with a strong, hard, outside layer
E) A chocolate covered cherry, it is solid at the core surrounded by a liquid layer and semi-solid layer, then covered in a thin solid coating
Answer: E
3) What is the difference between the inner and outer core of the Earth?
A) The inner core is liquid and the outer core is solid
B) The inner core is made from magma and the outer core is metal
C) The inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid
D) The inner core is cool and the outer core is hot
E) The inner core is hot and the outer core is cool
Answer: C
4) Which of the following is not true about the mantle?
A) The mantle surrounds the outer core
B) It is composed of iron- and magnesium-rich rocks
C) The density of the rocks is higher than water
D) The density of the rocks is lower than the outer core
E) It is mostly liquid
Answer: E
5) What would be the correct relationship between the crust and the lithosphere?
A) The crust sits on top of the lithosphere
B) The lithosphere sits on top of the crust
C) The lithosphere and the crust are the same thing
D) The lithosphere contains both the oceans and the continents, the crust only includes continents
E) The lithosphere is liquid, whereas the crust is solid
Answer: A
6) How do geologists know about the inside of the Earth?
A) They have drilled holes into the Earth and sent sensors down to its center
B) They study very large canyons that have been uplifted from the center of the Earth
C) They study the movement of earthquake waves throughout the Earth
D) They study the movement of water waves in the ocean
E) They have built a ship that can dig into the Earth and take a team of scientists to its center
Answer: C
7) Where are earthquakes generally found?
A) convergent boundaries
B) divergent boundaries
C) Transform Fault boundaries
D) Hot spots
E) Earthquakes are found on all of the above locations
Answer: E
8) Which of the following is true about Plate Tectonics?
A) Explains that continents drift around the globe
B) Explains that the earth's crust is split into plates that float on the ocean water
C) It is a mostly discredited theory popular in the 1800's
D) Explains that the earth's crust is split into plates that slip on the Asthenosphere layer of the earth
E) None of the above are true about Plate Tectonics
Answer: D
9) What would you not expect to see at sites where plates are sinking?
A) earthquakes
B) volcanoes
C) magma
D) new seafloor
E) All of the above occur where plates are sinking
Answer: D
10) Which of the following is true about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
A) It is in the middle of the ocean
B) It is a divergent boundary where tectonic plates move apart
C) It is a place where new lithosphere is created
D) It is a site of deep see volcanoes and mountains
E) All of the above are true about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Answer: E
11) The energy for Plate Tectonics comes from
A) the magnetic field of the earth
B) heat from the sun
C) gravity between the earth and moon
D) ocean currents
E) heat from the earth's core
Answer: E
12) The Himalayas are associated with which of the following plate boundaries?
A) Ocean-continental convergence
B) Ocean-ocean convergence
C) Continent-continent convergence
D) Divergent
E) Transform Fault
Answer: C
13) Why aren't volcanoes associated with continent-continent convergence?
A) Both plates are buoyant too sink into the Asthenosphere
B) The continental plate isn't hot enough to cause volcanoes
C) Volcanoes are not associated with convergent plate boundaries
D) Rising magma from melted plates can't break through continental crust
E) Volcanoes only occur on islands in the ocean and not on land
Answer: A
14) If you wanted to draw the boundaries of plates on a globe, which of the following maps would give you the most complete information?
A) map of active volcanoes
B) map of mid-ocean ridges
C) map of earthquake distribution
D) map of the edge of continental shelves
E) map of hot spots
Answer: C
15) The Hawaiian Islands are an example of:
A) Two Ocean plates converging
B) Two Continental plates converging
C) Diverging plates
D) Hot Spots
E) Transform Fault Boundary
Answer: D
16) What is paleomagnetism?
A) The study of the magnetism of rocks at their origin
B) The study of magnetism during ice ages
C) The study of magnetism at the Earth's core
D) The study of magnetism of new magma
E) The study of magnetism of the Earth's poles
Answer: A
17) What is the importance of magnetic reversals to the theory of Plate Tectonics?
A) It causes earthquakes
B) It provides evidence for seafloor spreading
C) It causes volcanic eruptions
D) It provides a mechanism for Plate Tectonics
E) It explains times of rapid change on the Earth's surface
Answer: B
18) The youngest seafloor rocks are found:
A) nearest to the mid-ocean ridges
B) nearest to the continental shelves
C) evenly distributed throughout the ocean
D) underneath the continents
E) where the ocean is the flattest
Answer: A
19) The geographic distribution of the Mesosaurus, a small swimming reptile that lived during the late Paleozoic, shows that the reptile lived on the southwest coast of what is now Africa and the southeast coast of what is now South America. This provides evidence that:
A) A land bridge once existed between Africa and S. America
B) The Atlantic Ocean was once much more shallow
C) Africa and S. America were once joined into one continent
D) Migration between Africa and S. America was once possible
E) The Earth was once much smaller in size
Answer: C
20) Where would you find Ridge-push?
A) At a convergent boundary
B) At a divergent boundary
C) At a transform fault boundary
D) At a hot spot
E) Between a continent and an ocean plate
Answer: B
21) Which of the following hazards would you expect to see at a Transform Fault boundary?
A) Volcanoes
B) Mid ocean ridges
C) Earthquakes
D) Hurricanes
E) All of the above
Answer: B
Section: 2.7
22) The asthenosphere layer of the Earth is liquid.
Answer: FALSE
23) The inside of the Earth is composed of layers that have different properties.
Answer: TRUE
24) The Crust of the earth is considered the thinnest layer of the earth.
Answer: TRUE
25) The ocean crust of the Earth is older than the continents.
Answer: FALSE
26) Geologists have samples of rock from the Earth's core.
Answer: FALSE
27) Tectonic plates are defined by the location of continents and oceans.
Answer: FALSE
28) Plates are constantly in motion and moving very quickly.
Answer: FALSE
29) During subduction, one plate sinks under another tectonic plate.
Answer: TRUE
30) The ocean floor is younger than the rocks on the continents.
Answer: TRUE
31) Give a description of the Lithosphere, Crust, Asthenosphere, and Mantle and explain the relationships between them.
32) Explain the concept of convection. Describe how convection may work in the Mantle of the earth.
33) Explain how the seafloor expands and then explain why the Earth does not get any bigger or smaller.
34) Explain why the location of volcanoes does not give a complete picture of the location of the plate boundaries.
35) Explain the importance of Paleomagnetism in understanding Plate Tectonics.
36) Describe how the Hawaiian Islands were formed and explain how they are evidence for plate motion.
37) Describe the theory of continental drift and explain how it relates to Plate Tectonics.
38) Describe the mechanisms of Ridge-push and Slab-pull and explain which one is the more important process in driving plate tectonics.
39) Volcanic activity can result from Hot Spot activity and Divergent plate boundaries. Explain where and how the magma for each of these volcanoes comes from and how it rises to the surface. In this explanation, briefly describe the layers of the Earth and how convection is a mechanism for Plate Tectonics
40) The Cascade Region of the northwestern United States is home to a subduction zone. Describe the hazards that would occur in this area. For each, explain in detail how the hazards are caused in the Subduction zone.
41) Magnetic reversals have happened throughout the Earth's history. Explain how these magnetic reversals have been used as evidence for Seafloor Spreading. If there had not been magnetic reversals, suggest some other pieces of evidence that might be used to support the idea of Seafloor Spreading.
