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Nursing History Power Point
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Transcript
By Barbara Moose RN, MSN
Nursing History & Trends
Outline
I. Explore the historic background of nursing.
II. Evolution of nursing & nursing trends
III. What is EBP?
IV. Define nursing practice as a professional discipline; roles & responsibilities.
V. Identify the professional & Legal implications of nursing practice, including the laws affecting nursing practice & nursing code of ethics
VI. Investigate your nursing history paper topic?
What is a nurse?
http://changesinnursingeducation.blogspot.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jds1AlKzVGg
ANA Scope of
Nursing Practice
Definition of Nursing:
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the
care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
Nursing’s Social Policy Statement: The Essence of the Profession (ANA, 2010)
TC3 Philosophy
We believe that people are complex beings who live in constant interaction with their environments. Growth and development, culture and family are universal factors that influence all people. Each individual possesses free will and has the potential for change throughout the life span. Because of these factors, each person is, at the same time, both similar to, and unique from, other people. We strongly believe that each person has inherent worth and deserves to be treated with dignity. Human health is a dynamic process of achieving and maintaining optimal wellness. People experience their level of wellness within the context of small and large social units such as families, groups, communities, and societies. Within each social unit, individuals and groups have the right to aspire to an optimal level of health.
It is the nurse’s role to foster healthy growth and development, to support people’s efforts to achieve and maintain optimal wellness, and to provide assistance to people who are unable to care for their own health needs. In order to be effective caregivers for others, we believe that nurses must also foster their own health, growth, and development.
TC3 Student Policy Handbook
I. Origin of Nursing
Gunter Marx
Nursing: The seed of early community service.
Richard Tennant Cooper
Primitive People
Larry Fanning, 2006
Ancient Greek
Ancient Medicine
Physician
Nurse
Florence Nightingale
History Timeline
250 BC-1st Nursing school in India
1-1500’s- Nursing in a Christian World
1797-Sojourner Truth
1500-1800 -Transition Period
1820-1910- Florence Nightingale
1854-1856- Death rate of British Army reduced from 42% to 2% with nursing care
1859- Notes on Nursing published
1860- Nightingale training school for nurses opens at St. Thomas Hospital, London
1886- The Nightingale, first nursing journal, published
Nursing in America
1820-1903- Harriet Tubman
1861-Dorothea Dix
1881- Clara Barton and associates establish the American Red Cross
1893- American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nursing is created
1889-John Hopkins Hospital Training School opens
1890-Rubber gloves worn 1st time in surgery- John Hopkins Hospital
1899- ICN Founded
Nurses During War
1901-Permanent Nurse Corps established as part of the U.S. Army Medical Department
1908- U.S. Navy Nurse Corps founded as part of the Navy
1939- Luther Christman- founder AAMN
1939-1945-WWII-Many women working out of the home
1943- First class of Army flight nurses graduate
1955- First men commissioned as nurses in U.S.
1966- Appointment of male nurses to regular Army, Navy, and Air Force Nurse Corps in U.S.
Era of Change
1920s- First doctoral programs in nursing education (EdD) at Teachers College
1950s-1970s Emergence of nursing theoretical and conceptual frameworks
1952- National League for Nursing formed
1953- Team nursing introduced
1969- American Association of Colleges of Nursing established
1970s- Advent of primary nursing
1971- National Black Nurses Association established & American Assembly for men in Nursing is organized
1973- American Academy of Nursing established &North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) formed
1974- Florence Wald and associates found the U.S. hospice movement
Research ERa
1986- National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) founded
1989- International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP) projects starts
1990-Term “Evidence Based” first used by David Eddy
1992- International Nursing Center established by American Nurses Association (ANA)
1993-NCNR receives status of institute: National Institute of Nursing Research
1997- National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) established- Now ACEN
2009- International Nurses Day focus is Delivering Quality, Serving Communities: Nurses Leading Care Innovations
II. Evolution
After reviewing the time line……. What factors have influenced the evolution of nursing?
Trends
Nursing shortage
https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2019/A2954 (bill)
EBP
Culturally competent care
Aging Population
Decrease of hospital stay
Community Nursing
Increase in Chronic health conditions- COPD, C-Diff, MRSA
Independent nursing practice
Access to Health Care- EMTALA, Civil Rights Act 1964
Science & Technology
Trends
Leading Health Indicators:
Access to health services
Clinical preventative services
Environmental quality
Injury and violence
Maternal, infant & child health
Mental Health
Nutrition, physical activity & obesity
Oral health
Reproductive & sexual health
Social determinants
Substance Abuse
Tobacco Use
Global- WHO?
Nicaragua
III. Evidence Based Practice
IV. Professional Practice
1) Specific & Unique Knowledge
2) Service Orientation
3) Recognize Authority in Professional Group
4) Ongoing Research-EBP
5) Code of Ethics
6) Professional Organizations
7) Autonomy
Aims of nursing
1. To promote health- State of optimal Functioning or wellbeing – not just absence of disease. (WHO)
2. To prevent Illness- Reduce risk for illness, promote good health habits, maintain optimal functioning.
3. To restore health- Nurse’s Responsibility to assess & teach levels of prevention.
4. To facilitate coping with a disability or death- Nurses Role to provide ‘comfort’ care.
Nursing Process
Education
Educational Programs
UAP- Unlicensed Personnel http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/
LPN- Licensed Practical Nurse
RN- Registered Nurse
Registered Nursing Education:
Diploma- 3yr hospital based program
ADN- Associates degree in Nursing- 2yr College Program
Registered Nurse Baccalaureate Graduate Level
Advanced Practice: Nurse Practitioner & Clinical Nurse Specialist
Your Role?
ANA - Scope & Standards of Practice
Caregiver
Communicator
Teacher
Client advocate
Counselor
Change Agent
Researcher
Leader
Delegation
5 Rights of Delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right direction/communication
5. Right supervision/evaluation
Organizations
American Nurses Association (ANA)- Scope & Standards of Practice, Code of Ethics
National League of Nurses (NLN)
International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) Formerly NLNAC
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
NYS Office of Professions (NYSED)
Sigma Theta Tau- International Honor Society
V. Legal
NYS Nurse Practice Act Article 139
http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/nurse/article139.htm
Who is protected by the Nurse Practice Act ?
The public!
Legal
Crime
Misdemeanor: Fines/imprisonment
< 1 year
Felony: Prison
> 1 year
Tort
Unintentional: Negligence/Malpractice
Intentional:
Assault & Battery, defamation of character, fraud, false imprisonment, invasion of privacy, libel& slander
Intentional Torts
Assault: Threat
Battery: Willful, angry, violent carrying out of contact.
Defamation of character: remarks that put down
another’s character.
Slander: Spoken
Libel: Written
False imprisonment:
Fraud: Misrepresentation
Invasion of privacy:
Ethics
Respect
Client Autonomy
Veracity
Proportionality
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Confidentiality
HIPAA
Social Media Risks
Legal Protections
Good Samaritan Act
Professional Liability Insurance
Carrying out Physicians Orders
Competent Care
Documentation
Incident Reporting
Student Responsibilities
VI. History Paper Topic?
Jose Perez
Web sites
http://www.aacn.nche.edu/
http://www.acenursing.org/
http://www.cdc.gov/
http://changesinnursingeducation.blogspot.com/
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/LHI/
http://www.icn.ch/
http://www.nln.org
http://www.nursingworld.org/
http://www.op.nysed.gov/
http://www.nsna.org
http://www.studymode.com/essays/Historical-Developments-Nursing-Research-95739.html
http://www.who.int/en/
http://www.aamn.org
References
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Geralyn,F. (2016). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, Practice. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River: /Prentice Hall.
Chitty, K.K. (2001). Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Donahue, M. P. (2011). Nursing The Finest Art: An Illustrated History. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier.
Taylor, C.R., Lillis, P., & Lynn, P. (2015). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of person -centered nursing care. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters & Kluwer.
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