Which of the following would be considered ex post facto research?
a. A group of adults who live in close proximity to an airport is compared on their levels of stress to a matched group of adults from the same community who do not live near the airport, before andafter the expansion of the airport.
b. The levels of stress among the residents of a suburban community are measured and correlated to the distance of their homes from a local airport.
c. A sample of adults is recruited from the local community and assigned randomly to one of two conditions; half are asked to complete a series of self-report measures, including a measure ofstress, while listening to white noise on a set of headphones and the other half are asked tocomplete the same measures while listening to a recording of airplane noise from a nearby airport.
d. Elementary school children and their parents are compared on a measure of stress given before and after the expansion of a nearby airport.
A researcher is interested in the sleeping habits of students at the local state college. The average number of hours spent sleeping each night for the entire set of students enrolled at the college is an example of a ____.
a. statistic
b. parameter
c. sample
d. population
The references are placed immediately after the ____.
a. introduction
b. method
c. results
d. discussion
The difficulty of obtaining informed consent from research participants in field research
a. makes field research impossible.
b. must be considered in light of the potential benefits of the research as well as the potential harm to the participants.
c. is not considered important in the area of environmental psychology.
d. can be safely ignored when no identifying information about the participants is recorded.
A researcher is interested in the sleeping habits of students at the local state college. The entire set of students enrolled at the college is an example of a ____.
a. statistic
b. parameter
c. sample
d. population
The abstract is placed immediately before the ____.
a. introduction
b. method
c. results
d. discussion
An environmental psychologist studies the effects of proximity to an elevated train line on school performance in children by comparing a group of children who live within one city block of an elevated train line to a matched sample of children from the same school who live at least ten blocks away from the train line on a standardized test of reading comprehension. This is an example of
a. a within-subjects design.
b. a correlational study.
c. a quasi-experiment.
d. an observational study.
A researcher records the change in weight (gain or loss) during the first semester of college for each individual in a group of 25 freshmen, and calculates the average change in weight. The average is an example of a ____.
a. parameter
b. statistic
c. variable
d. constant
The ____ section typically has the most subsections.
a. introduction
b. method
c. results
d. discussion
Research on crowding behavior using different subjects and different research methods
a. shows consistent negative effects of crowding on human and animal behavior.
b. shows different kinds of effects depending on the sample and the method used.
c. illustrates the superiority of field studies over laboratory experiments on crowding.
d. illustrates the superiority of laboratory experiments over field studies on crowding.