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A glutamate carboxyl group in the enzyme deprotonates N-1 of the pyrimidine

Description
Because the thiazole ring is weakly acidic (pKa ~ 18 for the ring hydrogen), a general base is required in its ionization.

As shown in the following diagram, a glutamate carboxyl group in the enzyme deprotonates N-1 of the pyrimidine, which in turn increases the basicity of the amino group, facilitating the deprotonation of C-2 of the thiazole ring to give a dipolar thiazolium carbanion (or ylid).
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