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How do cells dispose of unwanted organic material?
Although food has been broken down into individual molecules by the time it reaches a cell, cells still need to deal with larger complexes of organic material. Intracellular digestion is carried out by organelles called lysosomes. There are several contexts in which cells need to carry out dige
Hormones influence the growth and develop of organisms. For example hormones determine whether individuals become male or female. Many hormones are steroids. Steroids are a class of lipids. All steroids share a carbon skeleton composed of four fused rings. Hormones are compounds used for long distance signaling in both plants and animals. In a
In a multicellular organism, usually every cell contains the complete genome. All genes are present in every nucleus. However, in any given cell, only some of the genes are actually producing mRNA. Many of the genes are inactive and never do anything. Other genes only produce mRNA at certain points in the life of a cell or in resp
The inheritance of genes in sexual reproduction has a major chance component. During meiosis homologous chromosomes separate and migrate to different poles. The haploid daughter cells each have one allele for each gene, but which allele they have is random. Essentially meiosis is like flipping thousands of coins and getting either a head (one allele) or a tail (the other allele) for
The two enzymes are E1, E1 and two reaction rates are designated as r1 and r2. The Km, r(max) for E1 and E2 are (1 mM, 3 mM/s) and (0.1mM, 10 mM/s) respectively.
1. Name the organ from which this section was taken. 2. What is the prevalent epithelium in this section? 3. The structure near the center of the image (indicated by the green circle) obviously is surrounded by a different epithelium than the rest of the section – this should be a clue to what this structure is – name the structure indicated by the green cir
A vector was prepared by a double restriction digest (EcoR1 + BamH1) to generate different ends for zero background colonies. Say you preformed a parallel experiment using the different enzyme pair Sma1 and Hae111 to prepare the vector, which was then ligated to fragments with Sma1/Hae111 ends. What result would be obtained when the transformation plates were examined? 4marks... i h
Name the tissue. Name the structure indicated by the white arrow. Identify the specific region of this cell indicated by the red arrow. Briefly explain its function
A 30 year old man, a mechanic by profession came to the emergency department complaining of generali
A 30 year old man, a mechanic by profession came to the emergency department complaining of generalized body rigidity of two days duration. He has no Hx of fever, shortness of breath or cough. On physical examination Vital signs are with in normal limit. He is in opisthothonic position, he has torticolis and the deep tendon reflexes are exaggerated. He is also foun
A directional (forced) clonning is planned using the restriction enzymes Pst1 and Sph1 to generate incompatible termini in the vector pUC18. Note that enzymes have different optimum buffer requirements and must be digested sequentially rather than simultaneously. The plasmid is first digested with Sph1, purified on a column, eluted and resuspended in Pst1 buffer and digested with Ps
Which one of the following statements about mRNA transcription and processing in eukaryotes is incorrect?
1. A methylguanosine cap is added to the 5' end of each transcript. 2. All transcription occurs in the nucleus. 3. A string of adenosines are added to the 3' end of the primary transcript by the same RNA polymerase that transc
Whats another biogeochemical cycles besides the hydrological cycle that would be affected by the ...
whats another biogeochemical cycles besides the hydrological cycle that would be affected by the “Asian brown cloud” and how would it upset their state of equilibrium.. ?
[Tutorial] - How to Read a Scientific Research Paper: A Four-Step Guide for Students
Introduction
Reading research papers (primary articles) is partly a matter of experience and skill, and partly learning the specific vocabulary of a field. First of all, don’t panic! If you approach a primary article step by step, even an impossible looking paper can be understood. Procedure:
What are the different types of scientific articles?
What are the different types of scientific articles?
Research articles form the “core” of scientific literature – these are the articles written to present findings in specific areas, and are often targeted toward a specific audience of other scientists working in the same area. Each research article includes enough background information (usually gained from other
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