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A variable that seems to change the relationship between other variables is termed

A variable that seems to change the relationship between other variables is termed

A variable that seems to change the relationship between other variables is termed
A) a potentiating variable.
B) a mediating variable.
C) a moderator variable.
D) a catalytic variable.

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An analysis of variance (ANOV

An analysis of variance (ANOV

An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used
A) when random sampling is not possible.
B) to compare the means of two or more groups.
C) when the dependent measures yield nominal data.
D) when the experimental and control group do not v

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Extraneous variables (Multiple Choice Question)

Extraneous variables (Multiple Choice Question)

Extraneous variables
A) are between-groups variables.
B) are necessary in experiments.
C) affect the statement of the problem.
D) need to be built into the study by the researcher.

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Injecting live disease organisms into a participant, not related to the treatment needs of a partici

Injecting live disease organisms into a participant, not related to the treatment needs of a partici

Injecting live disease organisms into a participant, not related to the treatment needs of a participant, without the participant's permission is
A) ethical in some circumstances.
B) ethical with prison populations.
C) at least qu

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All mathematical operations are possible with what level of measurement?

All mathematical operations are possible with what level of measurement?

All mathematical operations are possible with what level of measurement?
A) ratio
B) interval
C) ordinal
D) nominal

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A researcher who cherry picks the data is

A researcher who cherry picks the data is

A researcher who cherry picks the data is
A) being unethical
B) selecting and reporting those data that support the study's hypothesis.
C) ignoring data that contradict the study's hypothesis.
D) All of the above

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Both Darwin and Wallace found that species

Both Darwin and Wallace found that species

Both Darwin and Wallace found that species
A) show little or no change over time.
B) occur randomly.
C) do not occur randomly.
D) change significantly from one generation to another.

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Multiple correlation refers to correlating

Multiple correlation refers to correlating

Multiple correlation refers to correlating
A) a set of variables.
B) one variable with a set of variables.
C) one set of variables with another set of variables.
D) all variables in a study with all other variables in that study

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Confounding due to instrumentation refers to

Confounding due to instrumentation refers to

Confounding due to instrumentation refers to
A) changes in measuring instruments.
B) changes in the dependent variables.
C) changes in the observers' behavior.
D) Either or both A and C

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Random assignment (Multiple Choice Question)

Random assignment (Multiple Choice Question)

Random assignment
A) increases confidence that the groups are the same at the start of the study.
B) is the best way to increase statistical power.
C) is difficult to include in experimental designs.
D) maximizes experimental vari

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The F-test for a one-way ANOVA can be described in the following way;

The F-test for a one-way ANOVA can be described in the following way;

The F-test for a one-way ANOVA can be described in the following way;
A) The F is equal to mean square between-groups divided by mean square within-groups.
B) The F is equal to mean square between-groups.
C) The F is equal to mean squa

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In the repeated-measures ANOVA, the within-groups sum of squares is split into the ________ and the

In the repeated-measures ANOVA, the within-groups sum of squares is split into the ________ and the

In the repeated-measures ANOVA, the within-groups sum of squares is split into the ________ and the ________.
A) numerator; denominator
B) between-groups term; within-groups term
C) error term; degrees of freedom
D) subjects term;

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The treatment combinations in a factorial design are represented in

The treatment combinations in a factorial design are represented in

The treatment combinations in a factorial design are represented in
A) statistical terms.
B) dependent variables.
C) a matrix of cells.
D) boxes.

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The sequential survey design allows

The sequential survey design allows

The sequential survey design allows
A) comparisons at different points in time.
B) highly biased sampling.
C) the avoidance of the need to sample.
D) easy interpretations of causality.

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In the process of research, which of the following phases would come first?

In the process of research, which of the following phases would come first?

In the process of research, which of the following phases would come first?
A) idea-generation
B) problem-definition
C) observation
D) data-analysis

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Which of the following is NOT an important way of classifying variables in psychological research?

Which of the following is NOT an important way of classifying variables in psychological research?

Which of the following is NOT an important way of classifying variables in psychological research?
A) behavioral variables
B) stimulus variables
C) organismic variables
D) research variables

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The risks to participants in psychological research should be

The risks to participants in psychological research should be

The risks to participants in psychological research should be
A) weighed against the possible benefits.
B) eliminated, even if benefits outweigh risk.
C) accepted; life is risky.
D) discounted; injury or psychological harm to part

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In a skewed distribution, the direction of the skew is indicated by

In a skewed distribution, the direction of the skew is indicated by

In a skewed distribution, the direction of the skew is indicated by
A) the height of the curve.
B) the section where the most scores lie.
C) the tail of the curve.
D) the point where the most scores lie.

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Which of the following studies used a participant observer approach?

Which of the following studies used a participant observer approach?

Which of the following studies used a participant observer approach?
A) Darwin's study of natural selection
B) Levine's study of the Love Canal Home Owner's Association
C) Goodall's study of chimpanzees
D) All

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One of the advantages of being a participant observer is that

One of the advantages of being a participant observer is that

One of the advantages of being a participant observer is that
A) you can test hypotheses by creating situations that may not occur naturally.
B) it is more scientifically valid if you can contribute more directly to your own research.

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To control for sequence effects, it would be necessary to

To control for sequence effects, it would be necessary to

To control for sequence effects, it would be necessary to
A) use more than one order of conditions.
B) select participants on the basis of high scores on a measure.
C) randomly assign participants to groups.
D) ask participants no

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If you want to make sure that you have the same number of participants in each groups, you should us

If you want to make sure that you have the same number of participants in each groups, you should us

If you want to make sure that you have the same number of participants in each groups, you should use
A) free random assignment.
B) randomization within blocks.
C) stratified random sampling.
D) random sampling.

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A manipulation check is (Multiple Choice Question)

A manipulation check is (Multiple Choice Question)

A manipulation check is
A) necessary at the naturalistic level of research.
B) not needed at the experimental level.
C) often too difficult to carry out.
D) appropriate only at the experimental level.

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Correlated-groups designs are considered in this textbook to be a category of

Correlated-groups designs are considered in this textbook to be a category of

Correlated-groups designs are considered in this textbook to be a category of
A) experimental design.
B) nonexperimental design.
C) low-constraint research.
D) naturalistic research.

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In within-subjects designs, the removal of individual differences would have what effect on the F-ra

In within-subjects designs, the removal of individual differences would have what effect on the F-ra

In within-subjects designs, the removal of individual differences would have what effect on the F-ratio?
A) The F will be smaller.
B) There will be no effect.
C) The F will be larger.
D) The denominator in the F-ratio will be larg

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By removing the effects of individual differences from the error component in an ANOVA, the F valueA

By removing the effects of individual differences from the error component in an ANOVA, the F valueA

By removing the effects of individual differences from the error component in an ANOVA, the F value
A) stays the same.
B) becomes larger.
C) becomes smaller.
D) is around 1.00.

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The speed with which a rat runs a maze is an example of

The speed with which a rat runs a maze is an example of

The speed with which a rat runs a maze is an example of
A) a stimulus variable.
B) a behavioral variable.
C) an organismic variable.
D) a participant variable.

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The goal in psychological experimentation is to show that differences on dependent measures are due

The goal in psychological experimentation is to show that differences on dependent measures are due

The goal in psychological experimentation is to show that differences on dependent measures are due to
A) preexisting individual differences.
B) research manipulations.
C) research manipulations and measurement error.
D) individua

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In interpreting a correlation, it is important to

In interpreting a correlation, it is important to

In interpreting a correlation, it is important to
A) take one variable at a time.
B) ignore its direction and size.
C) test the null hypothesis that there is a zero correlation between the variables in the population.
D) test the

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One of the major differences between experimental research and research from other levels of constra

One of the major differences between experimental research and research from other levels of constra

One of the major differences between experimental research and research from other levels of constraint is
A) that causality is not possible to establish through experimentation.
B) that establishing causality is the major goal in experimen

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Why do the authors of this text consider correlated-groups designs to be experiments?

Why do the authors of this text consider correlated-groups designs to be experiments?

Why do the authors of this text consider correlated-groups designs to be experiments?
A) They maximize error variance.
B) They always use score data.
C) They randomly assign all participants to conditions.
D) They meet the require

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Scientists investigate the world by

Scientists investigate the world by

Scientists investigate the world by
A) traveling extensively.
B) scaling down reality.
C) always using complex technology.
D) always using scientific statistical procedures.

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The ethical standard for psychologists

The ethical standard for psychologists

The ethical standard for psychologists
A) are meant to apply to all services performed by psychologists.
B) go into effect in 2017.
C) are meant to apply only to clinical treatment.
D) do not include children as research subjects.

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Which scale of measurement provides the best match with the real number system?

Which scale of measurement provides the best match with the real number system?

Which scale of measurement provides the best match with the real number system?
A) ordinal
B) nominal
C) ratio
D) interval

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Which of the following operational definitions of a variable would suffer from an effective range pr

Which of the following operational definitions of a variable would suffer from an effective range pr

Which of the following operational definitions of a variable would suffer from an effective range problem?
A) a standard IQ test administered to high school seniors in a study of the relationship of intelligence to dating patterns
B) a very

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The case-study level of constraint is used to study

The case-study level of constraint is used to study

The case-study level of constraint is used to study
A) differences between psychopathological populations.
B) the effects of treatment on psychological problems.
C) any behavior of any kind of participant in a relatively unconstrained

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In low-constraint studies, statistical analysis usually takes place

In low-constraint studies, statistical analysis usually takes place

In low-constraint studies, statistical analysis usually takes place
A) after interpreting the data.
B) after coding of the data.
C) before observation has begun.
D) immediately after the first participants have been run.

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In doing low-constraint research, we must address the issue of the sample's

In doing low-constraint research, we must address the issue of the sample's

In doing low-constraint research, we must address the issue of the sample's
A) validity.
B) representativeness.
C) randomness.
D) generalizability.

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Why is there less concern about the nature of the manipulation in low-constraint research than there

Why is there less concern about the nature of the manipulation in low-constraint research than there

Why is there less concern about the nature of the manipulation in low-constraint research than there would be in experimental research
A) Because the informal low-constraint research does not require approval from the IRB.
B) Because the pa

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Random selection helps to (Multiple Choice Question)

Random selection helps to (Multiple Choice Question)

Random selection helps to
A) assign subjects.
B) calculate the F-ratio.
C) clarify literature searches.
D) enhance external validity.

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