Marketing

6 years ago

The process of stimulus generalization is often central to branding and packaging decisions that ...

The process of stimulus generalization is often central to branding and packaging decisions that attempt to capitalize on consumers' positive associations with an existing brand or company name. In this context, list and briefly discuss the four

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6 years ago

Compare and contrast classical and instrumental (operant) conditioning.

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6 years ago

Define the terms learning and incidental learning.

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6 years ago

Episodic memories are likely to become part of a person's long-term memory.

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6 years ago

When Shira was a young girl, her teacher gave her a sticker every time she earned above 90% on a ...

When Shira was a young girl, her teacher gave her a sticker every time she earned above 90% on a test. Shira's teacher was using classical conditioning.

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expresional

4 years ago

John Deere established a reputation for building dependable farm tractors. When the company began to ...

John Deere established a reputation for building dependable farm tractors. When the company began to build small yard tractors, it insisted on using the same logo on its small mowers as on its large tractors. John Deere was applying stimulus generali

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6 years ago

Shari Gomez sees the big red heart on the front of a Cheerios box and immediately thinks of an ad ...

Shari Gomez sees the big red heart on the front of a Cheerios box and immediately thinks of an ad she has seen that discusses the heart-healthy benefits of Cheerios. This is an illustration of a stimulus-response connection.

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6 years ago

The salience of a brand refers to its degree of pricing flexibility (i.e., frequency of price ...

The salience of a brand refers to its degree of pricing flexibility (i.e., frequency of price changes).

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markymoo

6 years ago

The spacing effect describes the tendency for consumers to recall printed material more effectively ...

The spacing effect describes the tendency for consumers to recall printed material more effectively when the advertiser repeats the target item repeatedly in a short time period rather than periodically over a longer time span.

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6 years ago

Marketers assist in the process called elaborative rehearsal when they use catchy slogans or jingles ...

Marketers assist in the process called elaborative rehearsal when they use catchy slogans or jingles to help consumers remember information about products or services.

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6 years ago

The observational learning process begins with a step called motivation.

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6 years ago

Consumers' attraction to slot machines can be explained by the variable-ratio reinforcement ...

Consumers' attraction to slot machines can be explained by the variable-ratio reinforcement schedule the machines use.

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6 years ago

Stimulus generalization can create a halo effect.

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6 years ago

The two major approaches associated with behavioral learning theory are classical conditioning and ...

The two major approaches associated with behavioral learning theory are classical conditioning and observational learning.

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6 years ago

When Pavlov's famous dogs responded to a bell signaling feeding time, they were exhibiting what is ...

When Pavlov's famous dogs responded to a bell signaling feeding time, they were exhibiting what is called classical conditioning.

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6 years ago

Conditioning effects are more likely to occur after the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli have ...

Conditioning effects are more likely to occur after the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli have been paired a number of times.

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6 years ago

Scott thought of himself as a very successful marketer. He created a campaign with a product logo ...

Scott thought of himself as a very successful marketer. He created a campaign with a product logo that was very popular and that customers associated with a quality product. It was so popular that in a few months, the logo began to appear almost ever

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6 years ago

Susan selects and runs her focus groups carefully. She wants to make sure that each focus group ...

Susan selects and runs her focus groups carefully. She wants to make sure that each focus group member provides meaningful information for her research purpose. As she is examining potential focus group candidates, she notices that three men and two

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6 years ago

As May-Lee considers her purchase of perfume, she shifts back and forth between thinking about ...

As May-Lee considers her purchase of perfume, she shifts back and forth between thinking about claims made by the different brands, remembering ads she has seen, and considering her emotional responses to the various brands. Which of the following pr

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6 years ago

"It's time for the Christmas shopping list," thought Martha's mother, so she asked ...

"It's time for the Christmas shopping list," thought Martha's mother, so she asked Martha for a quick list of her favorite perfumes. Martha gave her mother six names that were all her "favorite." This group constitutes M

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markymoo

6 years ago

On her first visit to China, Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had selected at a ...

On her first visit to China, Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had selected at a market. She watched several Chinese women pay for their selections, and then Jane copied their behavior. In this example, Jane used ________.
A) shap

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6 years ago

A sales manager pays a bonus to new trainees when they develop a good sales prospectus. Later, after ...

A sales manager pays a bonus to new trainees when they develop a good sales prospectus. Later, after the trainees have completed two months of training, the manger pays a bonus only for an actual sale. The manager is applying what process of instrume

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markymoo

6 years ago

Claudia Norman, a marketing consultant, recommended that brand equity for a new ...

Claudia Norman, a marketing consultant, recommended that brand equity for a new environmentally-friendly product could be established by giving initial customers free memberships in the Sierra Club organization. Claudia used which of the following in

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6 years ago

John wants to teach his dog to do tricks such as "sit up," "roll over," and ...

John wants to teach his dog to do tricks such as "sit up," "roll over," and "fetch a stick." By systematically rewarding his dog for responding in the correct way, John is able to accomplish great progress over a 30-day

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6 years ago

Frank is sitting in his Psychology 101 class listening to his professor attempt to explain the ...

Frank is sitting in his Psychology 101 class listening to his professor attempt to explain the "black box" process and its connection with learning. He suddenly smells the aroma of fresh cinnamon rolls, and his mouth begins to water. He loo

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6 years ago

Sam Bolton hums the Purina Cat Chow jingle as he drives down the expressway. A thought suddenly ...

Sam Bolton hums the Purina Cat Chow jingle as he drives down the expressway. A thought suddenly occurs to Sam: "Why am I humming this stupid jingle? I don't buy this stuff. In fact, I don't even have a cat." Sam knows this jingle

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6 years ago

Which of the following has occurred when a stimulus is able to evoke a weakened response years after ...

Which of the following has occurred when a stimulus is able to evoke a weakened response years after the stimulus was first perceived?
A) spontaneous recovery
B) scripting
C) reverse extinction
D) response bias

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6 years ago

Almost any technique that increases the novelty of a stimulus also improves recall of the stimulus. ...

Almost any technique that increases the novelty of a stimulus also improves recall of the stimulus. This result is called the ________.
A) highlighting effect
B) von Restorff Effect
C) spacing effect
D) halo effect

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6 years ago

Memories of products are often replaced (forgotten) as we learn additional information. This ...

Memories of products are often replaced (forgotten) as we learn additional information. This displacement of information is called ________.
A) the highlighting effect
B) interference
C) decay
D) generalization

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6 years ago

________ memory permits temporary storage of information we receive from our senses.

________ memory permits temporary storage of information we receive from our senses.
A) Elaborative
B) Sensory
C) Cognitive
D) Working

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6 years ago

________ memories relate to events that are personally relevant; therefore, a person's motivation ...

________ memories relate to events that are personally relevant; therefore, a person's motivation to retain these memories will likely be strong.
A) Sensory
B) Episodic
C) Primary
D) Elaborative

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6 years ago

________ involves a process of acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be ...

________ involves a process of acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed.
A) Memory
B) Recognition
C) Comprehension
D) Attention

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6 years ago

________ learning occurs when an individual watches the actions of others and notes the ...

________ learning occurs when an individual watches the actions of others and notes the reinforcements they receive for their behaviors.
A) Observational
B) Reinforced
C) Halo effect
D) Masked

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6 years ago

What type of learning theory emphasizes that people are problem solvers who actively use information ...

What type of learning theory emphasizes that people are problem solvers who actively use information from the world around them to master their environment?
A) instrumental conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) cognitive learning

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6 years ago

The popular marketing technique known as ________ marketing applies the principles of instrumental conditioning by reinforcing regular purchases; consumers are given rewards with values that increase along with the amount purchased.
A) rebate

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6 years ago

A department store decides to use "secret shoppers" at unannounced times to test for ...

A department store decides to use "secret shoppers" at unannounced times to test for service quality among its personnel. Store personnel are rewarded for excellent service attitudes. Which of the following reinforcement schedules would mos

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6 years ago

Determining the most effective reinforcement schedule to use with consumers is important to ...

Determining the most effective reinforcement schedule to use with consumers is important to marketers. What type of reinforcement schedule is most likely being used when after a period of time has passed, the first response a consumer makes brings th

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