Exercise 10: Acid-Base Balance: Activity 1: Hyperventilation Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. The fastest compensatory mechanism for maintaining pH homeostasis in the human body is
You correctly answered: c. the chemical buffering system.
2. An increase in hydrogen ion concentration would
You correctly answered: d. decrease pH.
3. The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood is measured in
You correctly answered: b. mm Hg.
4. The reaction of water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by
You correctly answered: a. carbonic anhydrase.
07/10/13 page 107/10/13 page 2
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: What do you think will happen to the pH and PCO2 levels with hyperventilation?
Your answer : b. pH will decrease and PCO2 will increase.
Stop & Think Questions:
Were the pH and PCO2 in the normal range?
You correctly answered: c. Both pH and PCO2 were in the normal range.
What was the effect of returning to normal breathing after hyperventilation?
You correctly answered: b. The breathing stopped temporarily to retain carbon dioxide.
Experiment Data:
Condition Min PCO2 Max PCO2 Min pH Max pH
Normal 40 40 7.40 7.40
Hyperventilation 25.94 40 7.4 7.57
Hyperventilation / Normal 30.62 40 7.38 7.5307/10/13 page 307/10/13 page 4
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. Hyperventilation results in
You correctly answered: b. respiratory alkalosis.
2. With hyperventilation, the higher peaks on the tracing indicate
You correctly answered: a. a larger volume of air.
3. Which of the following is not a potential cause of respiratory alkalosis?
You correctly answered: d. emphysema
4. The kidneys can compensate for respiratory alkalosis by
You correctly answered: b. retaining H+ and excreting bicarbonate ion.07/10/13 page 5
Review Sheet Results
1. Describe the normal ranges for pH and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Your answer:
pH normal range: 7.35-7.45
carbon dioxide range: 35-45 mmhg
2. Describe what happened to the pH and the carbon dioxide level with hyperventilation. How well did the results compare
with your prediction?
Your answer:
Min Pco2 dropped below norm and pH rose above norm. My prediction was the opposite of what actually happened.
3. Explain how returning to normal breathing after hyperventilation differed from hyperventilation without returning to
normal breathing.
Your answer:
It differed because because the Min Pco2 actually went up around 5 mmHg and the Max pH dropped a little and so did the
Min pH. With only hyperventilation the Min pH remained the same, but the Max pH was the highest at 7.57 and with the
lowest at 25.94
4. Describe some possible causes of respiratory alkalosis.
Your answer:
too little carbone dioxide in the blood
anxiety-hyperventilation syndrome
drugs
hyperventilation
asthma
lung diseaseName: Seth Shaikh
Exercise 10: Acid-Base Balance: Activity 2: Rebreathing Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. In cases of acidosis, the pH of the blood is
You correctly answered: c. less than 7.35.
2. Carbon dioxide and water form
You correctly answered: a. carbonic acid (a weak acid).
3. Which of the following is true of respiratory acidosis?
You correctly answered: c. The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood is greater than normal.
4. Rebreathing
You correctly answered: b. is exemplified by breathing into a paper bag.
07/10/13 page 107/10/13 page 2
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: What do you think will happen to the pH and PCO2 levels during rebreathing?
Your answer : b. pH will decrease and PCO2 will increase.
Stop & Think Questions:
Which of the following can cause respiratory acidosis?
You correctly answered: c. airway obstruction
Experiment Data:
Condition Min PCO2 Max PCO2 Min pH Max pH
Normal 40 40 7.42 7.42
Rebreathing 40 51.16 7.27 7.4207/10/13 page 3
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. Rebreathing simulates
You correctly answered: a. hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis.
2. Hypoventilation results in
You correctly answered: c. an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood.
3. The renal system can compensate for respiratory acidosis by
You correctly answered: b. excreting H+ and retaining bicarbonate ion.
4. Respiratory acidosis can be caused by all of the following except
You correctly answered: d. an anxiety attack.07/10/13 page 4
Review Sheet Results
1. Describe what happened to the pH and the carbon dioxide levels during rebreathing. How well did the results compare
with your prediction?
Your answer:
During rebreathing the Min Pco2 stayed the same, but Max Pco2 increased. Min pH dropped, but Max pH remained the
same. My prediction was pretty accurate.
2. Describe some possible causes of respiratory acidosis.
Your answer:
hypoventilation
muscle relaxant drugs
lung disease(bronchitis)
asthma
3. Explain how the renal system would compensate for respiratory acidosis.
Your answer:
The kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis by retaining bicarbonate ions HCO3, and excreting hydrogen ions.
Bicarbonate is alkaline which helps get the blood back into normal range.Name: Seth Shaikh
Exercise 10: Acid-Base Balance: Activity 3: Renal Responses to Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. The renal system compensates for
You correctly answered: d. both respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis.
2. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by
You correctly answered: a. pH greater than 7.45 and PCO2 less than 35 mm Hg.
3. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by
You correctly answered: c. pH less than 7.35 and PCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg.
4. The functional unit of the kidney is the
You correctly answered: b. nephron.
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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect do you think lowering the PCO2 will have on [H+ ] and [HCO3- ] in the urine?
Your answer : d. [H+ ] will decrease and [HCO3- ] will increase.
Predict Question 2: What effect do you think raising the PCO2 will have on [H+ ] and [HCO3- ] in the urine?
Your answer : c. [H+ ] will increase and [HCO3- ] will decrease.
Stop & Think Questions:
The condition you just simulated is
You correctly answered: b. respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation.
Can the renal system fully compensate for acidosis or alkalosis?
You correctly answered: d. No, neither for respiratory alkalosis nor respiratory acidosis.
Experiment Data:
PCO2 Blood pH [H+] in Urine [HCO3-] in Urine
40 7.38 normal normal
40 7.38 normal normal
30 7.58 decreased elevated
60 7.28 elevated decreased07/11/13 page 3
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. When adjusting the controls, what happens to the blood pH when you lower the PCO2?
You correctly answered: a. The pH increases.
2. In uncompensated respiratory alkalosis, the
You correctly answered: b. carbon dioxide levels of the blood are low.
3. What type of breathing results in acidosis?
You correctly answered: d. hypoventilation and rebreathing
4. With renal compensation for respiratory acidosis, the pH of the urine
You correctly answered: b. decreased because [H+ ] increased.07/11/13 page 4
Review Sheet Results
1. Describe what happened to the concentration of ions in the urine when the PCO2 was lowered. How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
When Pco2 was lowered H+ decreased and HCO3 increased causing the pH to go up. My prediction was correct.
2. What condition was simulated when the PCO2 was lowered?
Your answer:
hyperventilation is stimulated
3. Describe what happened to the concentration of ions in the urine when the PCO2 was raised. How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
When the pco2 was raised H+ increased and HCO3 decreased causing the pH to drop. My prediction was correct with the
results.
4. What condition was simulated when the PCO2 was raised?
Your answer:
hypoventilation was stimulated. Name: Seth Shaikh
Exercise 10: Acid-Base Balance: Activity 4: Respiratory Responses to Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis Lab
Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. An increase in metabolic rate (without compensation) would result in
You correctly answered: a. more carbon dioxide in the blood.
2. Excessive vomiting results in
You correctly answered: c. loss of acid, metabolic alkalosis.
3. Which of the following is not acidic?
You correctly answered: d. antacids
4. Which of the following decreases the rate of metabolism?
You correctly answered: b. lowered body temperature
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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What do you think will happen when the metabolic rate is increased to 80 kcal/hr?
Your answer : a. metabolic acidosis
Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen when the metabolic rate is decreased to 20 kcal/hr?
Your answer : d. Breaths per minute will decrease.
Stop & Think Questions:
The tidal volume and breaths per minute increased with increased metabolism because
You correctly answered: b. there is more carbon dioxide being formed.
Which body system is compensating for the metabolic alkalosis?
You correctly answered: c. respiratory
Experiment Data:
Metabolic Rate
(kcal/hr)
BPM (breaths/min) Blood pH PCO2 [H+]
in Blood
[HCO3-]
in Blood
50 15 7.39 40 40 24
60 17 7.36 45 47 20
80 21 7.25 55 63 14.5
40 13 7.46 37 38 26
20 9 7.51 31 32 3007/11/13 page 3
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. What happened to the breathing when metabolism was increased?
You correctly answered: d. The breaths per minute and the tidal volume increased.
2. Which of the following is not a cause of metabolic acidosis?
You correctly answered: b. constipation
3. If PCO2 in the blood increases, then
You correctly answered: a. [H+ ] increases and pH decreases.
4. Which of the following values increased with decreased metabolism?
You correctly answered: d. pH and [HCO3- ]07/11/13 page 4
Review Sheet Results
1. Describe what happened to the blood pH when the metabolic rate was increased to 80 kcal/hr. What body system was
compensating? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Blood pH dropped.respiratory system and renal system were compensating. My prediction was correct.
2. List and describe some possible causes of metabolic acidosis.
Your answer:
ingestion of too much alchohol which metabolizes into acetic acid
diarrhea which results in loss of bicarbonate with elimination of intestinal contents
strenuous exercise which can cause a buildup of lactic acid from anaerobic muscle metabolism
3. Describe what happened to the blood pH when the metabolic rate was decreased to 20 kcal/hr. What body system was
compensating? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Blood pH went up. respiratory was compensating. My prediction was correct.
4. List and describe some possible causes of metabolic alkalosis.
Your answer:
ingestion of alkali, such as antacids or bicarbonate
vomiting, which can result in the loss of too much H+
constipation, which may result in significant reasorption of HCO3
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