When Daneesha encounters the problem If apples are 35 each, how much will 7 apples cost? she thinks, Many items at the same price . . . hmm, this kind of situation usually calls for multiplication. Daneesha's reasoning reflects the use of:
a. incubation
b. inert knowledge
c. a problem schema
d. meansends analysis
Ques. 2Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates the effect of functional fixedness on problem solving?
a. Arnie is trying to solve a physics problem on a classroom test. He is so anxious that he can't recall the problem-solving strategies he needs.
b. Bradley is looking for something to haul water but doesn't have a bucket. He fails to realize that his plastic wastebasket could easily carry water.
c. Charlie is doing a series of addition problems. He overlooks the subtraction sign on the last problem and so adds when he should subtract.
d. Doug is angry that another boy stole his bicycle. Rather than report the theft to the police, he steals a bicycle from someone else.
Ques. 3Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates how mental set can interfere with problem solving?
a. A few days after an argument with her boyfriend, Abigail wants to make amends, but the boyfriend tells her that he is now dating someone else.
b. Bernadette needs to calculate the volume of a pyramid. She knows she learned the correct formula in class, but she can't seem to remember it now.
c. Corinne is working on a jigsaw puzzle. One of the pieces to the puzzle is missing.
d. Danielle's car won't start. It doesn't occur to her that she can take the bus to work because she has always driven her car to work before.
Ques. 4With the textbook's discussion of competence and autonomy in mind, choose the teacher below who is most likely to promote intrinsic motivation in his or her students.
a. Ms. Andre gives her students concrete suggestions about how to improve their expository writing.
b. Mr. Brooks reminds his students that the deadline for their research paper is a week from Friday.
c. Mr. Chambers praises his students for continuing to work quietly when he was called away from the classroom.
d. Ms. Dacono reminds her students, You should know your multiplication tables by now.
Ques. 5Three of the following testing practices are consistent with the textbook's discussion regarding motivation and classroom assessment practices. Which one is not?
a. Make sure students have enough time to answer all questions or complete all assigned tasks.
b. Make sure assessment results provide substantive information about what students do well and how they can improve.
c. Give students increasingly difficult questions or tasks when they get high scores.
d. Base grades on many small assessments rather than one or two big ones.
Ques. 6If we consider factors that promote interest, three of the following teaching strategies should be beneficial. Which one will not be beneficial?
a. Intersperse boring material with entertaining jokes about your personal life.
b. Assign works of fiction that feature a character with whom students can identify.
c. Make some classroom tasks challenging but accomplishable.
d. Choose a textbook that presents information in a clear, coherent fashion.
Ques. 7Four students in Ms. Bennett's social studies class have to give an oral report on a country of their choosing. Which one of the students exhibits behavior consistent with a mastery goal?
a. When Eldon gives his report on Hungary, he stands straight and speaks clearly because he wants to impress his teacher and fellow students with his knowledge and ability.
b. Francis wants to give a good presentation on the United Arab Emirates because he needs to improve his overall class grade.
c. John does his report on Spain because that is where his family is from. He has enjoyed talking to his grandfather about what it is like to live in Spain.
d. As Holly gives her report on Mongolia, she is very nervous. She is afraid she might make a fool of herself in front of her classmates.
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