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The pituitary gland has both an anterior and posterior portion, each with different functions and made of different types of tissue. The adrenal gland has a medulla that secretes different hormones from the adrenal cortex.

One of the main functions of the pituitary gland is to secrete a hormone called human growth hormone, which is crucial for the building of bone and the repair of tissues. The hypothalamus secretes the factor called growth hormone-releasing hormone while the fetus is still developing, helping to promote the release of human growth hormone for proper development. Both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland also seem to have a direct effect on the regulation of thirst and hunger signals. When either gland is not functioning properly for any reason, these signals can be thrown off balance, leading to increased or decreased hunger or thirst.