What are any four key differences between managers and leaders?

The text offers these differences between managers and leaders in Table 4.1. Answers will vary as only four are needed for the question.

Concerns Managers Leaders
Creation of purpose Focuses on plans and budgets; creates steps, timetables for achieving results and looks for resources to support goals. Establishes direction; creates a vision and the strategies needed to achieve it.
Developing a network for achieving the agenda Organizes and staffs; creates structure for achieving the plans; delegates responsibility and authority; develops procedures to guide behavior; creates monitoring systems. Aligns people with the target; communicates direction by word and deed to those whose cooperation is needed; creates teams that understand and share the project's vision.
Execution Controls and solves problems; monitors results and applies corrective action. Motivates and inspires; energizes people to overcome obstacles and show personal initiative.
Outcomes Produces a degree of predictability and order; seeks to maintain the status quo. Produces change; challenges the status quo.
Focus Efficiency of operations. Effectiveness of outcomes.
Time-Frame Short term, avoiding risks, maintain and imitating. Long term; taking risks, innovating and originating.