Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A) secretion of renin
B) an increase in blood urea nitrogen
C) a decrease in aldosterone production
D) vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
E) secretion of parathyroid hormone
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Question 2) When the left ventricle contracts, the ________ valve closes and the ________ valve is pushed open.
A) mitral; pulmonary
B) mitral; aortic
C) aortic; pulmonary
D) right AV; pulmonary
E) right AV; aortic
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Question 3) Which of the following is not a method by which atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure?
A) Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
B) Increasing glomerular filtration rate
C) Inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney
D) Inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct
E) Preventing sodium loss in the urine
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Question 4) In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the ________.
A) QRS wave B) P wave C) T wave D) R wave E) S wave
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Question 5) The parasympathetic division arises from the ________ regions of the spinal cord.
A) sacral and lumbar
B) brain, sacral, and coccygeal
C) brain, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
D) brain, thoracic, and lumbar
E) brain and sacral
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Question 6) In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop, K+ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the ________. K+ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.
A) Na+-K+ pump
B) countercurrent exchange
C) vasa recta
D) countercurrent multiplier
E) juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Question 7) If two QRS complexes occur before a P wave it means the ________.
A) SA node is not functioning at all
B) the heart is in ventricular fibrillation
C) the ventricles have contracted prematurely
D) the AV node is not functioning
E) atria are contracting too quickly
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Question 8) Natriuretic peptide inhibits ________ reabsorption by the collecting duct, which ________ urine output.
A) NaCl; decreases
B) Ca2+; increases
C) K+; decreases
D) K+; increases
E) NaCl; increases
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Question 9) An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?
A) The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node.
B) Ventricular contraction is faster than usual.
C) The atria are not contracting.
D) The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
E) Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual.
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Question 10) The adrenal medulla secretes mostly ________.
A) epinephrine (adrenaline)
B) acetylcholine (ACh)
C) endorphins
D) norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
E) dopamine
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