The innermost layer of a blood vessel wall is the tunica _______.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
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Question 2) Urine output usually decreases when a person is in shock. This is the result of
A. decreased ADH secretion.
B. increased renin secretion.
C. increased secretion of atrial natriuretic factor.
D. decreased vasoconstriction due to the stress relaxation response.
E. decreased aldosterone secretion
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Question 3) Most of the exchange of nutrients and waste products that occurs between the blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the walls of the _______.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
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Question 4) Compensatory shock is characterized by a narrowed pulse pressure. Which of the following blood pressure readings is an example of a narrowed pulse pressure?
A. 99/40
B. 70/20
C. 92/64
D. 82/40
E. 100/50
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Question 5) Which of the following would occur as a person goes into shock?
A. Baroreceptors are stimulated.
B. Chemoreceptors are depressed.
C. Renin release is inhibited.
D. Parasympathetic stimulation is increased.
E. Sympathetic stimulation is decreased.
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Question 6) Atrial natriuretic factor
A. is released in response to elevated atrial pressure.
B. stimulates the release of ADH.
C. decreases urine production.
D. stimulates release of aldosterone.
E. increases blood volume.
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Question 7) If a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes
A. water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid.
B. water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces.
C. water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries.
D. increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output.
E. water to stay inside the capillaries.
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Question 8) Art is 75. He has advanced arteriosclerosis. He is suffering from a number of manifestations, which are consistent with his arteriosclerosis.
Over the past several years he has developed hypertension and he is beginning to show signs of renal failure. Which of the following are consistent with his condition?
A. increased resistance to blood flow
B. increased renin secretion from the kidneys
C. increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
D. increased angiotensinogen formation
E. All of these choices is correct.
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Question 9) Which of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys?
A. an increase in vasodilator secretion
B. an increase in urine output
C. an increase in blood volume
D. a decrease in aldosterone
E. a decrease in blood pressure
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Question 10) In response to circulatory shock,
A. the body decreases ADH secretion.
B. the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated.
C. atrial natriuretic factor is released.
D. the vasomotor center is inhibited.
E. the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are inactivated.
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