In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.
A) increase blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoblasts
B) increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts
C) temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses
D) decrease mitosis of chondrocytes at the epiphyseal plate
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Question 2) Cranial bones develop ________.
A) from a tendon
B) within osseous membranes
C) within fibrous membranes
D) from cartilage models
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Question 3) Wolff's law is concerned with ________.
A) the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
B) vertical growth of bones being dependent on age
C) the function of bone being dependent on shape
D) the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts
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Question 4) Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?
A) thigh bone of an elderly individual
B) finger bone of a young individual
C) thigh bone of a young individual
D) finger bone of an elderly individual
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Question 5) Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
A) osteoblast
B) stem cell
C) osteoclast
D) osteocyte
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Question 6) The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.
A) closing of the epiphyseal plate
B) appositional growth
C) epiphyseal plate closure
D) concentric growth
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Question 7) For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
A) Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.
B) A bone collar forms around the cartilage model.
C) A medullary cavity forms.
D) The cartilage matrix begins to deteriorate.
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Question 8) The resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following?
A) presence of osteoblasts in the bone
B) amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone
C) amount of mineral salts in the bone
D) sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules
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Question 9) The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________.
A) blood vessels and nerve fibers
B) yellow marrow and spicules
C) cartilage and interstitial lamellae
D) adipose tissue and nerve fibers
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Question 10) The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________.
A) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
B) Volkmann's canals
C) a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage
D) the struts of bone known as spicules
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