The distinguishing feature of probability samples is that
a. they involve personal judgment somewhere in the selection of sample elements.
b. each population element has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
c. each population element has an equal chance of being included in the sample and every combination of npopulation elements is a sample possibility.
d. each population element has a known chance of being included in the sample.
e. they will always be more representative of the population than nonprobability samples.
Question 2Hardware stores now advertise to women and body care products are aimed at men. This is an example of how products
a. have become more sex-typed over time.
b. are mostly strictly sex-typed.
c. are almost never sex-typed.
d. have become less sex-typed.
e. are sex typed, but only in the durable product category.
Question 3A researcher wants to study the effects of social class on consumption behavior. He establishes three different
categories of social class in terms of amount of income. He then assigns each field worker a specified number of
interviews with people in each income category although the interviewers are allowed to select who they interview.
This is an example of
a. probability sampling.
b. stratified sampling.
c. systematic sampling.
d. quota sampling.
e. random sampling.
Question 4____ is the term used when individuals make up for deficiencies such as lack of social contact or depression with food consumption.
a. Binging
b. Bulimia
c. Compensatory eating
d. Gorging
e. Feasting
Question 5Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with respect to a quota sample?
a. It is relatively easy to verify whether the sample is representative.
b. Field workers' personal judgments govern the choice of sample members.
c. The quotas per field worker usually mirror the distribution of characteristics in the population.
d. Quota samples are an example of nonprobability sampling.
e. Both a and c.
Question 6____ refers to a biological state whereas ____ reflects a person's preference for certain behaviors.
a. Androgyny / self-assertion
b. Gender / sexual orientation
c. Self-assertion / androgyny
d. Sexual orientation / sex
e. Communality / agentic
Question 7Which of the following is TRUE?
a. The controls for a quota sample are usually chosen on the basis that (1) they are believed to be correlatedwith the characteristic to be studied, and (2) reasonably up-to-date information on their distribution within thepopulation is available.
b. To validate a quota sample, various characteristics of the sample are compared to known population values.If the differences in these characteristics are small in the comparison, this constitutes proof that the samplecorresponds to the population.
c. Quota sampling is the most common kind of probability sampling used in marketing research.
d. Quota sampling is the only nonprobability sampling method that provides some measure of the sampling errorassociated with the sample estimate.
e. Quota sampling is acceptable for causal research.
Question 8Dual-career families have led an increasing number of husbands to
a. assume greater responsibility for household tasks and child rearing.
b. early retirement due to stress.
c. spend more time away from home trying to attain the ideal lifestyle.
d. avoid going back to school to change careers.
e. start taking a more active role in purchases for household improvement.
Question 9Quota samples are typically selected so that the distribution of a characteristic in the sample matches the
distribution of that same characteristic in the population. With respect to the representativeness of quota samples, it
can thus be said that
a. a quota sample may be very far off the mark with respect to other important characteristics likely toinfluence the result but which were not used as controls when selecting the sample.
b. the fact that the distribution of the characteristic in the sample parallels the distribution in the population doesnot guarantee that the sample is representative.
c. the quota assigned each field worker should exactly mirror the distribution of the control characteristic in thepopulation.
d. Both a and b.
e. a, b, and c.
Question 10Women have been guided by goals of affiliation and fostering harmonious relations with others, which are known as ____ goals.
a. agentic
b. harmonogenic
c. androcentric
d. phileooptic
e. communal
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