Educate Ms. James regarding measures to delay or reduce bone loss.

Answer to #1

An adequate intake of calcium, magnesium, fluoride, vitamins A and D, and moderate weight-bearing exercises like walking, running, or dancing impact calcium bone loss.

Answer to #2

A

Answer to #3

Provision of adequate calories for maintaining reasonable weight. Achieve optimal serum lipid levels. Maintenance of as near the normal blood glucose levels as possible. Prevention and treatment of acute complications, such as hypoglycemia, and long-term effects such as renal disease, neuropathy, hypertension, and cardiovascular changes.

Answer to #4

Risk factors include being a woman over 45 years old; women consume half the amount of calcium that men do; women's bone mass is lower than men's because of the small body frame; bone loss begins earlier in women than men; bone loss is accelerated after menopause.

Answer to #5

B

Answer to #6

Education, monitoring, meal planning, medication, exercise, standards of care, and prevention of complications.

Answer to #7

The edema that results from an imbalance of sodium and potassium can cause hypertension or congestive heart failure.

Answer to #8

B

Answer to #9

The abnormal concentration of glucose in the blood of clients with diabetes draws water from the cells to the blood. When hyperglycemia exceeds the renal threshold, the glucose is excreted in the urine, this is known as glycosuria. With the loss of the cellular fluid, the client experiences polyuria (excessive urination), and polydipsia (excessive thirst) typically results. If this continues long term, it could damage the kidneys and lead to a complication known as nephropathy. Nephropathy is the number one leading cause for the need for kidney dialysis.

Answer to #10

Table salt