The epigenome on the DNA strand:
a. regulates the expression of genes by turning them on or off.
b. makes the gene expression more permanent and difficult to change.
c. changes the DNA for different functions.
d. is active for only one generation.
e. changes the basic DNA sequence.
Q. 2The role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis includes:
a. damage to the cells lining the arteries by factors such as high HDL cholesterol.
b. white blood cells being sent to the site by the immune system to try to repair the damage.
c. production of foam cells that help to capture and remove LDL from the artery wall.
d. proliferation of muscle cells of the artery wall, which repair the site.
e. reducing the tendency of the blood to form clots.
Q. 3Which of the following would be the best way to add more fruits and vegetables to your diet?
a. use ketchup on your french fries instead of salt
b. have fruit roll-ups for a snack
c. have a glass of orange drink for breakfast every day
d. keep a bag of baby carrots in the refrigerator for snacking
e. use a high-antioxidant powdered drink mix
Q. 4A man is at risk of developing colon cancer because his grandfather and father died of it. Adding which of the following foods to his diet might reduce his risk?
a. steamed broccoli
b. grilled chicken
c. boiled, peeled potatoes
d. fruit drink
e. protein shake
Q. 5Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include:
a. cooking meats at high temperatures or directly over a flame.
b. increasing intake of salt-cured products.
c. decreasing intake of fruits and vegetables.
d. initiating hormone replacement therapy after menopause.
e. controlling energy intake.
Q. 6Which statement about carcinogens is accurate?
a. The body can detoxify small doses of carcinogens found in foods.
b. People should avoid eating all foods that contain carcinogens.
c. Carcinogens are any toxins that are not naturally found in foods.
d. Food additives in the U.S. are not monitored for carcinogens.
e. Food contaminants that arise through natural processes are noncarcinogenic.
Q. 7Your uncle is considering taking an herbal medicine to control his hypertension after seeing an advertisement for a product on the Internet. What would you tell him?
a. Because herbal medicines have been used for many years, they are safe.
b. Buy herbal products with content labels on the bottle because they are the most reliable.
c. Herbal products are made from natural ingredients so they don't contain any contaminants.
d. Check to see if the herbs in the product have interactions with any drugs you are taking.
e. Do not take herbal medicines because the FDA does not remove those proven dangerous from the market.
Q. 8A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which dietary change might help?
a. Have at least two glasses of wine a day with dinner.
b. Choose low-sodium canned soups and beans.
c. Eliminate high-potassium foods like potatoes and broccoli.
d. Add vitamin and mineral supplements to make up deficiencies.
e. Regardless of BMI, lose 5 to 10 of his body weight.
Q. 9A 165-lb. woman with hypertension begins a weight-loss program. As her weight declines, the earliest she can expect to see a significantly lower blood pressure value is when her weight drops to _____.
a. 125 pounds
b. 135 pounds
c. 145 pounds
d. 155 pounds
e. 160 pounds
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