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Answer to #1
FALSE
Answer to #2
FALSE
Answer to #3
TRUE
Answer to #4
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that you reduce the intake of calories from added sugars.. To help with this task while still catering to the sweet tooth, consider the following tips:
Use less of all sugars, including white sugar, brown sugar, honey, jelly, and syrups.
Choose sensibly to limit your intake of beverages and foods that are high in added sugars, such as soft drinks, energy drinks, fruit drinks, candy, ice cream, cakes, cookies, and pies.
Select fresh fruits to satisfy your urge for sweets.
Learn to read the ingredients list. Check food labels for clues about added sugar content. If any of the following sugars appears first or second in the ingredients list, or if several names are listed, the food is likely to be high in sugar.
For dental health, remember that how frequently you eat sugar is as important as, and perhaps more important than, how much sugar you eat at one time.
Alternatives to sweet desserts might be whole-grain crackers, low-fat cheese, and fresh fruit with unsweetened yogurt. Snacks for children could include fruits, vegetables, string cheese, popcorn, homemade fruit juice pops, and other wholesome foods.
Substitute fruit juices or water for fruit drinks, regular soft drinks, and punches that contain considerable amounts of sugar.
Buy unsweetened cereals so that you can control the amount of sugar added.
Experiment with reducing the sugar in your favorite recipes. Some recipes taste just the same even after a 50 percent reduction in sugar content.
The sweet spicesallspice, anise, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, and nutmegcan replace substantial sugar in recipes. Use half as much sugar and increase one and a half times the amount of spice the recipe calls for. Increasing the amount of extracts like vanilla can enhance sweetness, too. Experiment with other extracts like maple, coconut, banana, and chocolate, or try adding dried fruit to baked goods for extra sweetness and nutrients as you decrease sugar.
Another alternative for reducing sugar intake is to use sugary foods that convey nutrients as well as calories, e.g., raisins and bananas.
Explore possibilities of using nonnutritive sweeteners to reduce some of the total sugar in your diet.
Answer to #5
The most common type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, is usually diagnosed in people over the age of 40 . The incidence of type 2 diabetes is rising, mostly because the U.S. population is aging, sedentary, and gaining excess weight. Obesity is considered a major risk factor for this type of diabetes, especially when the excess fat is carried around the abdomen. Usually, eating a healthful diet, exercising, and losing weight can normalize blood glucose levels for people with type 2 diabetes. For others, oral medications and sometimes insulin shots are necessary.
Answer to #6
Numerous careful scientific investigations carried out both before and after aspartame first appeared on the market have indicated that the product brings about adverse health effects in only a small group of people with a rare metabolic disorder known as phenylketonuria, or PKU. People born with PKU must carefully control their consumption of phenylalanine (one of the two amino acids that make up aspartame) to prevent health problems as severe as mental retardation. The American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and numerous other health organizations all consider the sweetener safe for use except by people with PKU
Answer to #7
The task of the digestive system is to disassemble the disaccharides and starch into monosaccharides that can be absorbed into the blood. Following absorption, the liver converts to glucose any carbohydrates that were not absorbed in the form of glucose, so they can be used by the cells. The cells can then store the glucose, use it for current energy needs, or convert it to fat.
The first digestive enzymes to work on starch are those in the saliva; they begin taking the starch apart, and the enzymes in the stomach and intestines continue digestive action. The enzymes release the individual glucose units, which are absorbed across the intestinal wall into the blood. Cooking facilitates the digestive process by spreading out the tightly packaged chains of glucose so that during digestion the digestive enzymes can break the chains down into glucose units for absorption. One to four hours after a meal, all the starch has been digested and absorbed and is circulating to the cells as glucose.
If the blood delivers more glucose than the cells need, the liver and muscles take up the surplus to build the polysaccharide glycogen. The muscles hold two-thirds of the body's total store of this carbohydrate and use it during exercise. The liver stores the remaining one-third of the body's glycogen, making it available as needed to help maintain the blood glucose level.
Answer to #8
For optimal dental health, the American Dental Association (ADA) recommends the following:
Eat a balanced diet.
Keep snacking to a minimum, if possible. The ADA recognizes that some people, such as people with diabetes, may require snacks. For others, however, the ADA suggests limiting the number of snacks if brushing the teeth is not possible shortly after eating them.
Eat sweets with meals rather than between them.
Brush and floss thoroughly each day to remove dental plaque.
Use an ADA-accepted fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinse, and talk to your dentist about the need for supplemental fluoride.
Visit a dentist regularly.
Do not allow an infant to sleep with a bottle in the mouth that contains sweetened liquids, fruit juices, milk, or formula.
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