With a 24-hour fast, the body is nearly depleted of liver glycogen. Where does the liver predominantly get the material it needs to manufacture glucose?
a. Continued breakdown of liver glycogen until complete depletion
b. Breakdown of skeletal muscle
c. Breakdown of red blood cells
d. Manufacture of ketone bodies
Q. 2In the post-absorptive state (e.g. 10 hours after a meal), which is NOT likely to occur?
a. Breakdown of liver glycogen
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Lipolysis
d. Synthesis of skeletal muscle
Q. 3_____ is the production of glucose from a non-carbohydrate source, such as amino acids.
a. Glycolysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Lipolysis
d. Ketosis
Q. 4What effect does insufficient energy (kcal) intake have on protein need?
a. Increases protein need
b. Decreases protein need
c. No effect on protein need
Q. 5What is nitrogen balance?
a. The amount of muscle protein synthesized compared to the amount degraded.
b. The amount and rate of protein turnover.
c. The difference between nitrogen intake and loss.
d. The difference between the amount of protein absorbed and the amount incorporated into skeletal muscle.
Q. 6Which of the following correctly describes the glucose-alanine cycle?
a. Muscle converts alanine to glucose for use as immediate energy.
b. Muscle converts alanine to pyruvate or lactate and converts them to glucose when muscle glycogen stores are low.
c. Glucose is converted to alanine in the muscle in the post-exercise period.
d. Muscle converts pyruvate to alanine, which is transported to the liver for potential conversion to glucose.
Q. 7Which athlete would likely use protein as an energy source during competition?
a. Marathon runner
b. 800 meter runner
c. Body builder
d. Rower
Q. 8Which athlete would use protein as an energy source to the greatest extent?
a. Recreational athlete
b. Strength athlete
c. Endurance athlete
d. All of the above would use about the same amount
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